Pulpand paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generallywood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about60% of cellulose fibers originate from non wood raw materials such as bagasse, cerealstraw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. The main steps inpulp and paper manufacturing are: Raw material preparation and handling, Pulpmanufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery, Bleaching, StockPreparation, and Papermaking.
Pulp isa lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanicallyseparating cellulose fibres from wood, fiber crops or waste paper. Paper ismade by pulping wood, bleaching this pulp and then spreading it out into sheetsto make it into paper.