Industrialization is the process of social and economic change thattransforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one.It is a part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economicdevelopment are closely related with technological innovation, particularlywith the development of large scale energy and metallurgy production.Industrial pollution hurts the environment in a range of ways, and it has anegative impact on human lives and health. Pollutants can kill animals andplants, imbalance ecosystems, degrade air quality radically, damage buildings,and generally degrade quality of life. India is a home to many industries. Thesectors include Iron and Steel, Pulp and Paper, Food Processing, Chemicals, AluminiumIndustry, Cement, Pharmaceuticals, Machine tools, Surface finishing Industriesetc. However, the industrial growth happening at a breakneck speed has resultedin a significant contribution to the toxicity in the environment. Thereforeindustrial activities should comply with regulatory norms for prevention andcontrol of pollution. There have been many guidelines for the industries andthe pollution caused by them.
The setup and implementation of these guidelinesis a joint responsibility of the central and state governments along with theCentral Pollution Control Board to curb such emissions. At present, the controlof pollution from industrial installations remains a key issue in India. As urbanizationexpands and cities grow the need to deal with the environmental impact becomeseven more important to ensure sustainable development. This also entailshandling increasing volumes of waste water. Efficient wastewater managementexploiting the capacity optimally requires a thorough understanding of the pollutionssources origin and substance. Hence pollution sources must be mapped andidentified.