Starch: Basic Need in Food, Chemicals & Industries

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Wednesday, December 3, 2014

A complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textile. Plants produce starch and use it to store carbohydrates for energy. Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets and is contained in large amounts in such staple foods as potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), rice, and cassava.  It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Starch is processed to produce many of the sugars in processed foods. The basic chemical of the starch molecule is (C6H10O5) n. Starch is manufactured in the green leaves of plants from excess glucose produced during photosynthesis and serves the plant as a reserve food supply. Other important fields of starch application are textiles, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. The most important by product from wheat starch manufacture is gluten which is used in preparing diabetic foods, for feeding cattle, thickening agent in textile printing and so on.

Starch Derivatives are produced by the chemical reaction of hydroxyl groups of raw starches with various functional groups for the purpose of obviating various defects of the raw starches. Starch Derivatives include various types of products that have such unique characteristics as stability in fluid paste, gelatinization property, excellent fluid viscosity, chemical resisting, and electrical property. Starches are modified to enhance their performance in different applications. Starches may be modified to increase their stability against excessive heat, acid, shear, time, cooling, or freezing; to change their texture. Most commercial starch is made from corn, although wheat, tapioca, and potato starch are also used. Commercial starch is obtained by crushing or grinding starch-containing tubers or seeds and then mixing the pulp with water.

Non-food applications of starches are – adhesives, metal industry, explosive industry, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, paper industry, mining industry, construction industries.

 

Starch production in India is highly fragmented, with a variety of manufacturers with small to large capacities offering different sources, grades and derivatives of starch. A large part of the demand for starches arises from the paper, textile, construction and pharmaceutical industries. 1.56 million tons starch and derivatives were manufactured by about 30 producers in India . The Global starch market is likely to get respite from deceleration in its market growth, with growth poised to receive a new lease of life in the next few years. With Indian catering industry the largest buyer in 2012. Of Rs80.8 billion market sales in 2012, almost Rs66.8 billion generated by 41,200 local companies. Industry turnover set to increase at 16% CAGR over 2013-2018 to Rs160 billion at end of forecast period. The market of starch derivatives in the Asia-Pacific region is growing because of the two major emerging economies of China and India. Cassava in India is used mainly in the human consumption, industrial and animal feed sectors. In India nearly 60% of cassava is used industrially in the production of sago, starch and dry chips.

 

FURTHER INFORMATION:

The complete technology book on starch and derivatives describes the detailed information on subject. The major contents of  this book are - Structure and Chemical Properties of Starch, The Swelling And Gelatinisation of Starch, The Role of the Minor Constituents of Starch, The Retrogradation of Starch, Starch and the Hydrogen Bond, The Reaction of Starch with Iodine, Root Starches,  Cereal Starches, The Oxidation of Starch, Glucose and Maltose, Dextrin and British Gums, Adhesives from Starch and Dextrin, The Foodstuff Industry,  The Paper Industry, The Textile Industry,  Miscellaneous Uses of Starches and Dextrins, Preparation of Enzymes used in the Starch Industry, Analysis of Starch and its Derivatives, List of Material Suppliers.etc.

In order to get “The Complete Technology Book on Starch and Derivatives” please visit –

http://goo.gl/Qbzkzq

Source: NPCS Team


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Ø  Introduction

·         Project Introduction

·         Project Objective and Strategy

·         Concise History of the Product

·         Properties

·         BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification

·         Uses & Applications

 

Ø  Market Study and Assessment

·         Current Indian Market Scenario

·         Present Market Demand and Supply

·         Estimated Future Market Demand and Forecast

·         Statistics of Import & Export

·         Names & Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)

·         Market Opportunity

 

Ø  Raw Material

·         List of Raw Materials

·         Properties of Raw Materials

·         Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials

·         List of Suppliers and Manufacturers

 

Ø  Personnel (Manpower) Requirements

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Ø  Plant and Machinery

·         List of Plant & Machinery

·         Miscellaneous Items

·         Appliances & Equipments

·         Laboratory Equipments & Accessories

·         Electrification

·         Electric Load & Water

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·         Packaging Required

·         Process Flow Sheet Diagram

 

Ø  Infrastructure and Utilities

·         Project Location

·         Requirement of Land Area

·         Rates of the Land

·         Built Up Area

·         Construction Schedule

·         Plant Layout and Requirement of Utilities

 

Project at a Glance

Along with financial details as under:

 

  •     Assumptions for Profitability workings

  •    Plant Economics

  •    Production Schedule

  •    Land & Building

            Factory Land & Building

            Site Development Expenses

  •    Plant & Machinery

             Indigenous Machineries

            Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)

  •    Other Fixed Assets

            Furniture & Fixtures

            Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses

            Technical Knowhow

            Provision of Contingencies

  •   Working Capital Requirement Per Month

             Raw Material

            Packing Material

            Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

           Consumable Store

  •   Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum

         Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)

             Royalty and Other Charges

            Selling and Distribution Expenses

  •    Salary and Wages

  •    Turnover Per Annum

  •   Share Capital

            Equity Capital

            Preference Share Capital

 

  •    Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance

  •    Annexure 2::  Profitability and Net Cash Accruals

                Revenue/Income/Realisation

                Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items

                Gross Profit

                Financial Charges     

                Total Cost of Sales

                Net Profit After Taxes

                Net Cash Accruals

  •   Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements

                Current Assets

                Gross Working. Capital

                Current Liabilities

                Net Working Capital

                Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process

  •    Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds

  •    Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets

                ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)

                RONW (Average of Share Capital)

                ROI (Average of Total Assets)

  •    Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios

                D.S.C.R

                Earnings Per Share (EPS)

               

             Debt Equity Ratio

        Annexure 7   :: Break-Even Analysis

                Variable Cost & Expenses

                Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.

                Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)

                Fixed Expenses / Cost 

                B.E.P

  •   Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume

            Resultant N.P.B.T

            Resultant D.S.C.R

   Resultant PV Ratio

   Resultant DER

  Resultant ROI

          Resultant BEP

  •    Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status

        Equity Capital

        Preference Share Capital

  •   Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks

        Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services

        Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items 

        Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items   

       Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items   

  •    Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation

  •    Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost

  •    Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit

  •    Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

  •    Annexure 18  :: Consumables, Store etc.,

  •    Annexure 19  :: Packing Material Cost

  •    Annexure 20  :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit

  •    Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses

  •    Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses

  •    Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses

  •    Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges

  •    Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.

  •    Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses

  •    Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses

  •    Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses

  •    Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)

  •   Annexure 30   :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)

  •   Annexure 31   :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)

  •   Annexure 32   :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)

  •   Annexure 33   :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans

  •   Annexure 34   :: Tax on Profits

  •   Annexure 35   ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR