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I V Fluids

Intravenous therapy (IV) is therapy that delivers fluids directly into a vein. The intravenous route of administration can be used both for injections, using a syringe at higher pressures; as well as for infusions, typically using only the pressure supplied by gravity. Intravenous infusions are commonly referred to as drips.

The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body, because they are introduced directly into the circulation. Intravenous therapy may be used for fluid volume replacement, to correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver medications, and for blood transfusions.

Infusion therapy as a basic toll of modern medical care enables the physician to restore and stabilize homeostasis states quickly and completely. In nursing homes and hospital where patients are suffering from acute dehydration or considerable debilitating conditions, the intra venous fluids are used as I.V. drips. The basic function of I.V. fluids is to replenish the body fluids. Although there are number of I.V. fluids, but generally three types of I.V. fluids are used in hospitals as I.V. drips. 1. Dextrose injection fluid. 2. Dextrose and sodium chloride injection fluid. 3. Sodium Chloride injection solution (Saline solution). Dextrose solution is used during postoperative period when sodium extraction of 10-15% are used as diuretic for increasing in urine flow. Saline solution is used when large amount of sodium has been lost by vomiting or by gastric or intestinal duodenal aspiration or through an alimentary fistula. Dextrose monohydrate is used as supplement to cow’s milk in part of feeding. Hypertonic dextrose solution (25-50%) is in medical treatment partly because they are believed to strengthen heart muscles. Hypertonic solutions are used in intravenous injection to relieve intractable pressure in-patient with hydrocephalus and meningitis. The drug industry has now achieved an impressive growth during the last four decades of planning and development. These I.V. fluids are the best alternative, which can yield sudden result in the health of a Patient by replenishing the body fluids.

Intravenous solutions have evolved with technologies and designs improving their overall functionalities. There are several combinations of packaged intravenous products that have come up in recent years. Manufacturers are introducing IV fluids and compounds that can be mixed with other liquid medicines and solutions for IV administration. The aforementioned factors will continue to drive the global intravenous (IV) solution market.  Some of the factors that are having positive impact on the growth of the intravenous (IV) solution market include increased prevalence of chronic disorders and growing popularity of IV led treatments and therapies intended towards curing cance.

Uses and Applications

There are main ranges of application of highly specialized intravenous infusion solutions:

• Treatment of discarded water and electrolyte metabolism, especially in severe cases.

• Therapy of acid base in balances.

• The volume substitution and volume replacement in surgery of accident victim suffering blood loss.

• Paratral nutrition for severally ill and post-operative patients.

Aqueous isotonic injection (5%) of dextrose is given as intravenous injections to increase the column of circulating blood in the shocks and hemorrhages and to counteract dehydration. When it is desired to replace excessive salt loss also glucose is injected along with sodium chloride. Intravenous fluids can also be used as a route of medication administration. If a doctor wants to delI.V.er a small amount of medication over an extended period of time, it can be dissolved in a bag of intravenous fluids and set on an infusion pump which delivers the medicated fluid directly into the blood.

They are also commonly used to assist with surgical recovery; people who receive fluids after surgery tend to experience better recovery than people who do not.

Global Intravenous Solutions Market Trends:

Over the past few years, the prevalence of hectic work schedules and unhealthy lifestyles has increased across the globe. The consequent decline in physical activity and proper nutrition has led to a rise in the incidences of chronic diseases, which in turn has boosted the demand for intravenous solutions. Besides, there has been significant growth in the production of IV fluids, particularly in developed countries. For instance, it was reported that due to the shortage of IV saline, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other market. The intravenous fluid bags market size will grow at a CAGR of 6% at an incremental growth of $ 667.51 MN during 2020-2024.

The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as the rise of cholera and growing acceptance of vitamin c intravenous for colorectal cancer are the major drivers propelling market growth. However, the presence of stringent government regulations, rising continuous demand for IV solutions in the US, and increasing vitamin C intravenous therapy prices constrain the growth of the market.

The rising number of surgeries, the need for a faster route of drug administration, growing preference for single-dose administration of vaccines and drugs, and an increase in local manufacturing is expected to drive the market for LVP. Parenteral route of administration helps provide an accurate dose of medication as the majority of the drug is directly absorbed in circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

The drug serum level increases rapidly through parenteral administration. For instance, postoperative parenteral nutrition induces a substantial increase in serum leptin within six hours and helps reach a rise of more than four folds within 14 hours. Moreover, parenteral administration of ascorbate (Vitamin C) decreases the growth rate of murine hepatoma. However, oral administration of the same dosage does not exhibit similar anti-tumoral effects.

Advantages of BFS Technology:

Blow-fill-seal technology enables the manufacture of preservative-free single-unit doses. PreservatI.V.es are recognized as potentially harmful to the sensitive mucosae of the eyes, nose, and lungs, so this is an enormous benefit to sensitive patients. Another advantage of unit-doses is that they ensure that the patient takes the correct amount of product, especially when dealing with highly potent compounds, i.e. those therapeutically active at a low concentration.

Sterile unit-doses are portable and easy to use individually, excellent properties for today’s active lifestyles. Blow-fill-seal (BFS) single doses are an ideal solution for use in ophthalmology, respiratory diseases, rhinology, and antisepsis and wound care. Blow-fill-seal technology reduces personnel intervention making it a more robust method for the aseptic preparation of sterile pharmaceuticals. BFS is used for the filling of vials for parenteral preparations and infusions, eye drops, and inhalation products. Generally the plastic containers are made up of polyethylene and polypropylene. Polypropylene is more commonly used to form containers which are further sterilized by autoclaving as polypropylene has greater thermo stability.

Blow Fill and Seal technology is mainly used for pharmaceutical solutions. The examples of pharmaceutical solutions that can be packaged are injectable solutions, antibiotics, ophthalmological drops, suspensions, infusion solutions, solutions for dialysis, solutions for irrigation and solutions for hemofiltration. The basic concept of BFS is that a container is formed, filled, and sealed in a continuous process without human intervention, in a sterile enclosed area inside a machine. Thus this technology can be used to aseptically manufacture sterile pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms.

The process is multi-stepped: first, pharmaceutical-grade plastic resin is vertically heat extruded through a circular throat to form a hanging tube called the parison. This extruded tube is then enclosed within a two-part mould, and the tube is cut above the mould. The mould is transferred to the filling zone, or sterile filling space, where filling needles (mandrels) are lowered and used to inflate the plastic to form the container within the mould. Following the formation of the container, the mandrel is used to fill the container with liquid. Following filling the mandrels are retracted and a secondary top mould seals the container. All actions take place inside a sterile shrouded chamber inside the machine. The product is then discharged to a non-sterile area for labeling, packaging and distribution. The process begins with the Extrusion of plastic granules in the form of a hot hollow pipe of molten plastic called a parison.

The following step is the Blow molding of the container from the plastic granule. The parison is closed between the mould, and the container gets formed either by blowing sterile compressed air or by vacuum or by using vacuum as well as blowing. The container assumes the shape of the cavity in the mould. The container thus produced is open from the top and in its top part, the plastic is still hot and in molten state until the subsequent steps of filling and container sealing.

Features:

1. 100% film utilization: No waste edge between bags, reducing both material and energy consumption.

2. Special I.V. bag design: each bag saves 10mm film than others.

3. Reliable heating and welding system: Leakage rate less than 0.03%.

4. Quick changeover: 0.5-1 hour to switch from one size to another.

5. Stable transmission system: only needs 1 control system, 1 HMI and 1 operator.

6. Safe filling nozzle: No solution overflows, no particles generation.

7. Auto faulty rejection system detected by the machine.

8. Production line length is reduced by 1/3, both workshop and air conditioning and cleaning area are reduced by 1/3, greatly reducing the initial investment and future running cost.

9. Simple structure, more stable and reliable performance.

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