Wealth from Waste. Production of Activated Carbon from Natural Sources

Wealth from Waste. Production of Activated Carbon from Natural Sources. Agricultural Waste Conversion (Saw Dust, Coconut Shell, Rice Husk, Bamboo, Wood and Jute Sticks)

 

Activated carbon is a carbonaceous, highly porous adsorptive medium that has a complex structure composed primarily of carbon atoms. The networks of pores in activated carbons are channels created within a rigid skeleton of disordered layers of carbon atoms, linked together by chemical bonds, stacked unevenly, creating a highly porous structure of nooks, crannies, cracks and crevices between the carbon layers.

Activated carbons are manufactured from coconut shell, peat, hard and soft wood, lignite coal, bituminous coal, olive pits and various carbonaceous specialty materials. There are a range of different activated charcoals, but only pharmaceutical grade powdered activated charcoal is suitable for use in clinical toxicology.

Activated carbon is extensively used in water and sewage treatment owing to its ability to remove particulate and dissolved impurities. It also eliminates certain organic impurities and removes chlorine from water. It is used in greenhouses and manufacturing industries for air purification and to remove toxic gases, odors, and harmful dust particles. Food and beverage processing, pharmaceutical & medical, and automotive industries are other application areas for the product.

Activated Carbon Market Overview:

Global Activated Carbon Market is expected to garner 2,776 kilo tons and $5,129 million by 2022, registering a CAGR of 6.8% and 9.3% during the forecast period 2016 - 2020. Activated carbon is processed carbon with small, low-volume pores to increase surface area for chemical reactions and adsorption.

Increasing need of water treatment plants due to water scarcity and rising pollution is major driver of this market. Furthermore, strict environment regulations to control carbon and pollutants emission are increasing demand for activated carbon applications. Activated carbon sector is increasing with increase in industrialization and urbanization. Government is focusing to keep environment healthy in terms of safe water and air for living beings; moreover providing subsidies to industries such as power generation industry to control pollution.

High concerns about health issues by consuming contaminated water and air, by people, has increased the applications of activated carbon in purification, health & beverage processing, pharmaceutical & medical, automotive and many more. High price of raw material is restricting growth of market. Moreover, high pollution level, increasing per capita income, new product developments and launches will create potential opportunities for activated carbon market expansion in the upcoming years.

Rising awareness regarding the consumption of clean water amongst individuals, and increasing number of water treatment plants due to a provision of government subsidies for controlling carbon and mercury emission major factors expected to drive the growth of the global market over the forecast period. In addition, increasing applications of activated carbon in various industries such as water and air purification, health and beverage, pharmaceutical and medical, automotive industry is another important factor expected to fuel growth of the target market.

Based on product type, the activated carbon market is categorized into powdered activated carbon, granular activated carbon, and others. The others category refers to the remaining types of activated charcoal such as pelletized activated carbon. Demand for powdered activated carbon in industrial applications such as decolorization and deodorization operations in pharmaceutical industry is expected to act as a propellant to the market growth during the forecast period.

The global activated carbon market is highly consolidated. Key players operating in the global activated carbon market are Cabot Corporation, Calgon Carbon Corporation, Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd., and Haycarb PLC. Other players include ADA Carbon Solutions, Inc., CarboTech AC GmbH, Oxbow Activated Carbon, Donau Chemie AG, Carbon Activated Carbon, Evoqua Water Technologies, and Kureha Corporation. Market players have been profiled in terms of attributes such as company overview, financial overview, business strategies, and recent developments. The report also comprises a matrix of comparison of the top four players operating in the activated carbon market along with their market share analysis for 2017.

 

List of few Profitable Projects:

Activated Carbon from Saw Dust

Carbon is probably the most widely distributed element in nature. The term activated carbon, active carbon or active charcoal is usually applied to amorphous carbons processing higher absorption capacities that wood or animal charcoal. Industrial activated carbons in the form of pellets, granules or fine powder. And with many industrial application are new in the market under different trade-names. At present, in India there are about 21 to 22 units in which four units are in the state of Gujarat. Read more

Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell

Activated carbon is an amorphous from of carbon which has been treated to produce a highly developed pore structure resulting in a very large internal surface area. It is pore structure which gives the activated carbon its ability to absorb gases and vapours from gaseous phase and dissolved or dispersed substances from liquid phase. Activated carbon can be manufactured from wide variety of raw material such as pinewood, charcoal, coconut shell, rice husk etc. The activated carbon is also used for the purification of air and water, refining of sugar and production of electrodes. Read more

Activated Carbon from Rice Husk, Saw Dust & Coconut Shell

Carbon is probably the most widely distributed element in nature. Activated carbon from rice husk has been developed & finding wider uses. There is considerable scope in India for the manufacture of activated carbon from rice husk. The major use put by activated carbon is solution purification, such as the cleanup of cane, beet and corn sugar solution and for the removal of taste and odours from water suppliers, vegetable and animal fats and oils, alcoholic beverages, chemicals and pharmaceutical. Read more

Activated Carbon from Bamboo

Activated carbon is a non-graphite form of carbon and is microcrystalline in nature. It is extensively used in various industries as a very good absorbent for odour or colour. A large variety of raw materials are available for the manufacture of activated carbon like rice husk, groundnut husk, coconut shell, saw dust, bagasse, wood and bamboo etc. The activated carbon produced in the country is catering to the need of vanaspati and solvent extraction plant, glucose and sugar industries, water treatment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, synthetic rayons, electrochemical industries etc. Read more

Activated Carbon (by Steam Activation Process)

The element carbon exists in three allotropic modifications, amorphous carbon, graphite and diamond, which are employed industrially. The major use of activated carbon is in solution purification, such as the cleanup of cane, beet, corn sugar solution and for removal of tastes and odors from water supplies, vegetable and animal fats and oils, alcoholic beverages, chemicals and pharmaceuticals etc. Looking these uses it can be concluded that there is very good scope for setting up activated carbon unit. Read more

Charcoal from Coconut Shell

Charcoal and purity of any substances has now become a basic requirement of any chemical substance. So many products obtained by processing are dirty in colour and having so many impurities. This problem can be easily solved by adsorption of which carbon has become one of the most generally used materials for the purpose, animal matter. The resulting amorphous products include charcoal coke and petroleum coke. Granulated activated carbons are used for purification of gases or liquids and can be used in a vertical carbon packed column. It finds application in the preparations of pills and digestive tables. Read more

Activated Carbon from Rice Husk/coconut Shell

The term activated carbon, active carbon or active charcoal is usually applied to amorphous carbons possessing higher absorption capacities than wood or animal charcoal. Industrial activated carbon in the forms of pellets, granules or fine powders, and with many other industrial applications is now in the market under different trade names. There has been a considerable amount of laboratory and pilot plant research in India on the production of active carbons. At present in India there are about 25 to 30 units, in which, four units are in Gujarat. Read more

Activated Carbon from Saw Dust & Coconut Shell

Activated Carbon is a unique material because of the way it is filled with holes (voids, spaces, sites, pores,) whatever the size of molecules. It is that, although they are spaces of zero electron density, these pores possess intense vander wall forces (from the near proximity of carbon atoms). Activated carbon is a non-graphitic form of carbon, which could be produced by activation of any carbonaceous material such as coconut shells, bamboo, wood chips, sawdust, coal, lignite, paddy husk etc. The process of activation is carried out in two stages. Read more

Activated Carbon from Wood

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, activated coal, or carbo activatus, is a form of carbon processed to be riddled with small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated is sometimes substituted with active. Activated Carbon is a unique material because of the way it is filled with “holes” (voids, spaces, sites, pores,) whatever the size of molecules. Activated carbon is a non-graphitic form of carbon, which could be produced by activation of any carbonaceous material such as coconut shells, bamboo, wood chips, sawdust, coal, lignite, paddy husk etc. Read more

Activated Carbon Powder from Jute Sticks

Activated carbon is a non-graphitic form of carbon, which could be produced by activation of any carbonaceous material such as jute sticks, coconut shells, bamboo, wood chips, sawdust, coal, lignite, paddy husk etc. Without adding any additives, chemicals or bonding agents, our Charcoal Powder is completely natural and odor-free. By reducing waste discharged into the environment, or rather, by making full use of our resources, makes Charcoal Powder environmental friendly, and the world, a better place to live. Read more

Acid Washed Granulated Activated Carbon

The activated carbon is produced for use in ultra-pure water treatment systems requiring low conductivity and exceptionally high purity. This activated carbon is also specifically designed for the removal of heavy hydrocarbons from recovered condensate. The acid washing process removes soluble silica from the matrix of the activated carbon to prevent leaching into the condensate. Some of the benefits of Acid Wash carbon include Dechlorination of water, better taste, removal of bad odors, removal of color from water, removal of organic substances, etc. Read more

 

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Ø  Introduction

·         Project Introduction

·         Project Objective and Strategy

·         Concise History of the Product

·         Properties

·         BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) Provision & Specification

·         Uses & Applications

 

Ø  Market Study and Assessment

·         Current Indian Market Scenario

·         Present Market Demand and Supply

·         Estimated Future Market Demand and Forecast

·         Statistics of Import & Export

·         Names & Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)

·         Market Opportunity

 

Ø  Raw Material

·         List of Raw Materials

·         Properties of Raw Materials

·         Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials

·         List of Suppliers and Manufacturers

 

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Ø  Plant and Machinery

·         List of Plant & Machinery

·         Miscellaneous Items

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·         Electrification

·         Electric Load & Water

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·         Packaging Required

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Ø  Infrastructure and Utilities

·         Project Location

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·         Built Up Area

·         Construction Schedule

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Project at a Glance

Along with financial details as under:

 

  •     Assumptions for Profitability workings

  •    Plant Economics

  •    Production Schedule

  •    Land & Building

            Factory Land & Building

            Site Development Expenses

  •    Plant & Machinery

             Indigenous Machineries

            Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)

  •    Other Fixed Assets

            Furniture & Fixtures

            Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses

            Technical Knowhow

            Provision of Contingencies

  •   Working Capital Requirement Per Month

             Raw Material

            Packing Material

            Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

           Consumable Store

  •   Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum

         Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)

             Royalty and Other Charges

            Selling and Distribution Expenses

  •    Salary and Wages

  •    Turnover Per Annum

  •   Share Capital

            Equity Capital

            Preference Share Capital

 

  •    Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance

  •    Annexure 2::  Profitability and Net Cash Accruals

                Revenue/Income/Realisation

                Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items

                Gross Profit

                Financial Charges     

                Total Cost of Sales

                Net Profit After Taxes

                Net Cash Accruals

  •   Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements

                Current Assets

                Gross Working. Capital

                Current Liabilities

                Net Working Capital

                Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process

  •    Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds

  •    Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets

                ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)

                RONW (Average of Share Capital)

                ROI (Average of Total Assets)

  •    Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios

                D.S.C.R

                Earnings Per Share (EPS)

               

             Debt Equity Ratio

        Annexure 7   :: Break-Even Analysis

                Variable Cost & Expenses

                Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.

                Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)

                Fixed Expenses / Cost 

                B.E.P

  •   Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume

            Resultant N.P.B.T

            Resultant D.S.C.R

   Resultant PV Ratio

   Resultant DER

  Resultant ROI

          Resultant BEP

  •    Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status

        Equity Capital

        Preference Share Capital

  •   Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks

        Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services

        Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items 

        Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items   

       Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items   

  •    Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation

  •    Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost

  •    Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit

  •    Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

  •    Annexure 18  :: Consumables, Store etc.,

  •    Annexure 19  :: Packing Material Cost

  •    Annexure 20  :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit

  •    Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses

  •    Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses

  •    Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses

  •    Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges

  •    Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.

  •    Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses

  •    Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses

  •    Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses

  •    Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)

  •   Annexure 30   :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)

  •   Annexure 31   :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)

  •   Annexure 32   :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)

  •   Annexure 33   :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans

  •   Annexure 34   :: Tax on Profits

  •   Annexure 35   ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR