Introduction
History of Cold Storage
Efficient Cold Storage Management
Clean and Calibrate
Know Your Hot and Cold Spots
Pre-cool
Use Humidifiers
Avoid Air Pollution
Rotate Your Product
Inspect the Quality of Your Product on Arrival
Keep Score
Selection of Location for the Cold Storage
Cold Storage Chain
Emergence of Cold Chain Logistics
Providing Temperature Controlled Environments
Refrigerated Containers
2. Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Importance of Controlled Atmosphere
Fruits and Vegetables Storage under CA
Indoor Storage
Outdoor Storage
Harvesting Apples at Optimum Maturity
Guidelines for Placing Apples into CA Storage
Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Interactions on Quality of Controlled Atmosphere-stored Apples
Pears
The Use of Cooling and Cold Storage to Stabilize and Preserve Fresh Stone Fruits
Ethylene Concentrations in Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Construction
Sealing Wails and Ceilings
Wall to Floor Joints
CA Doors
Observation Window
Penetrations
3. Refrigeration
Refrigerated Rail Cars
Planning a Cold Storage
Cold Store Capacity
Refrigeration Plant Requirements
Compressors
Power Requirements
Methods of Refrigeration
Capacity Rating
Factors Limiting Storage Life
Cost of Freezing
Care and Cleanliness
Working in Cold Rooms
Vapour Barriers
Types of Cold Stores
Prefabricated Cold Stores
Layout of a Typical Cold Store
The Drying Process of Potatoes
The Curing Process of Potatoes
Increasing the Temperature of the Potatoes After Storage
Electrical Installation
Substation
General Specifications for Refrigeration System
Refrigeration Processes
Thermal Insulation & Refrigeration System, Control and Safety Devices
Refrigeration Cycles
Types of Compressors
Piston Compressors
Rotary Compressors
Screw Compressors
Vapour Compression Cycle
Compressor
Condenser
Receiver
Evaporator
Rooms for machines, Electricals etc.
Typical Specifications of Refrigeration System
Vapour Absorption System
Ammonia Refrigeration System
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Cold Storage for Fruits and Vegetables
Storage Conditions
Temperature
Incompatibility
Cold Storage B.I.S Specification
Working in Cold Rooms
Examples of Food Processing by Refrigeration and Storage
Meat Products
Fishery Products
Dairy Products
Freezing System
Indirect Contact Systems
Plate Freezers
Freezers for Liquid Foods
Direct-Contact Systems
Immersion
4. Food Storage Guidelines for
Consumers
Dairy Products
Recommended Food Storage Chart
5. Bananas Cold Storage
Conditions of Harvesting and Putting into Store Harvesting
Criteria of Ripeness
Qualify Characteristics for Storage and Transport
Method of Storage
6. Cold Storage Plant – Automation
7. Absorption Refrigerator
a. Transport Handling
b. Installation of Refrigerators and Freezers
c. Maintenance
d. Choice of Refrigeration Equipment
Failures Related to Absorption Refrigerators
a. Leaks
b. Repair of Leaks on Cooling Units
c. Fuel Consumption
Comparison between Vapor Compression and Absorption System
Compressor
Condenser
Receiver
Expansion Valve
Difference Between Refrigeration and Heat Pump System
Water-Lithium Bromide Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System
Special Features of Water-Lithium Bromide Solution
8. Cold Chain
Cold Chain Diagram
Importance of Maintaining the Cold Chain
The Effective Cold Chain
National Centre for Cold-Chain Development
Cold Chain Development in India-Modernization of the Infrastructure of Cold Storage of Perishables
Growth of Cold Storage Industry
Verification and Validation
Components of Cold Chain
9. Cold Chain and Refrigeration
Health Facilities in Developing Countries
Domestic (Kitchen) and Bar Refrigerators
Types of Cold Chain Refrigerators
Cold-Chain Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Maintenance of Equipment
Distribution and Transport
Estimation of Transportation
Cold Chain and Logistics Management
Costs of Cold Chain and Logistics Management
Importance of Cold Chain and Vaccine Logistics Management
Electrical Cold Chain Equipments
Walk-in-Freezers (WIF)
Walk-in-Coolers (WIC)
Deep Freezer
Cold Chain Management
Maintenance of the Vaccine Refrigerator
Cold Box
Cold Boxes: Types and Usage
Uses
Ice Manufacture
Applications of Refrigeration in Different Food Products
Frozen Food Properties
Refrigerator Thermometers
Monitoring of the Refrigerator Temperature
Fridge Failure or Disruption of the Cold Chain
10. Shipping Containers
Refrigerated Container
Shipping Container Features
Comparison of Passive and Active System
Transport Operations
The Role of the Transport Operator
Distribution Vehicles
Air Circulation
Dispatching Product
Air Flow
The Essential Data Logger
11. The Cold-Chain Monitor
How to Use the Cold-Chain Monitor in Routine Forwarding of Vaccine Shipments
The Vaccine Vial Monitor
Proportion of Regional Vaccines Carrying VVMs
Recommendations on Improving Availability and Use of VVMs
Availability
Use
Cold Storage Temperature Legislation
Why Set -18°C for Thermal Stabilisation?
Vaccine Damage
Heat Damage
Solar Refrigerators
Components of Solar Refrigerator
12. Cold Storage for Fish and Meat
Introduction
Uses of Ice
Cold Storage Life of Frozen Fish
Cold Storage for Meat
Chilled Storage
Parameters Considered for the Design
Site Selection
Storage Temperature
Rate of Freezing
Relative Humidity
Calculation of Refrigeration Loads
Material Selection
Insulating Material
Meat Supply Cold Chain Management
Cold Chain in Slaughterhouse
Air Chilling
Immersion Chilling
Spray Chilling
Vacuum Chilling
13. Warehouse
Cold Storage Warehouse Construction
Warehouse Cum Cold Storage
Central Location
Value-Adding Operation
Need for Warehousing
Types of Warehouses
Advantages
Disadvantages
Functions
Advantages of Public Warehousing
Disadvantages of Public Warehousing
Advantages of Private Warehousing
Disadvantages of Private Warehousing
Sequence of Warehousing Decisions
Determination of Storage Capacity
Fixation of Storage Charges
Storage Systems
Basic Warehouse Equipment
14. Nabard Warehousing Scheme
GOI Approved Nabard Warehousing Scheme
1. Mode of Financial Support
2. Eligible Institutions/Entities
3. Purpose/Activities
4. Priority Segments
5. Rate of Interest, Quantum of Support and Repayment Period
6. Accreditation by WDRA
7. Implementation Period
Department of Storage and Marketing - Initiatives
A. Direct Lending to State Owned Entities
B. Accreditation/Registration of Warehouses
C. Capacity Building by Stakeholders
15. Rural Godowns
Subsidy
Size
Institutional Lending
A. Eligible Financing Institutions
B. Term Loan
Pattern of Assistance
Monitoring
16. Solar Powered Cold Storage
Solar PV Powered Cold Storage System
A View of Solar PV Panels Installed
Advantages of Solar PV Powered Cold Storage System
Cost-Economics of the Solar PV Powered Cold Storage System
Requirement of Cooling System
Solar Cold Storage System Schematic
Solar Powered Movable Cold Storage Structure for Perishables
Solar Photovoltaic System With Power Control Unit for Cold Storage
Use of Solar Panel & Refrigeration in Cold Storage Through Alternate Technology
Benefits
Subsidy available
Off Grid Solar System
On Grid Solar System
Energy efficient Hybrid Solar System for Cold Storage in Remote Areas
Flow Chart for Power Switching in DC Inverter Air Conditioning System
PV Air Conditioning in Hybrid Cold Storage with Net Metering
Flow Chart of an Operation of the DC Inverter Air Conditioning System
17. Addresses of Plant and Machinery Suppliers
18. Sample Plant Layouts
19. Photographs of Machinery with Supplier’s Contact Details
