Table of Contents:

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Types of Waste

1.2 Advantages of Waste Management

1.3 The Waste Management Hierarchy and the 3r Concept

1.4 Strategies for Managing Waste

1.4.1 Waste Prevention

1.4.2 Waste Minimization

1.4.3 Recycling and Reuse

1.4.4 Biological Treatment

1.4.5 Incineration

1.4.6 Landfill Disposal

1.5 What Makes Waste Management such a Crucial Issue?

1.6 Indian Waste Management Scenario

1.7 Challenges in Waste Management

1.8 Solutions for Waste Management

1.9 Governmental Measures for Waste Management

1.9.1 Legislative Response

1.9.2 Role of Centre and State in Waste Management

1.9.3 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000

1.10 Why Waste Management is Important Nowadays?

2. 10 STEPS FOR EFFECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING

2.1 Identify the Waste Facility Creates

2.2 Identify Waste Streams

2.3 Establish a Waste Management Team

2.4 Assess Current Waste Disposal Methods

2.5 Consider Waste Hierarchy

2.6 Select Waste Management Partners

2.7 Set Targets for Waste Reduction

2.8 Create a Waste Management Action Plan

2.9 Train Employees on New Procedures

2.10 Track Progress and Monitor for Adjustments

3. AUTOMATED VEHICLE SCRAPPING UNIT

3.1 Benefits of Recycling

3.2 Reducing Waste: The Problem of Junk Cars

3.2.1 The Solution: Automotive Recycling

3.2.2 Conservation of Resources

3.2.3 Environmental Footprint

3.3 Benefits of the Vehicle Scrapping

3.4 Automobile Recycling Process

3.4.1 Remove Engine Fluids

3.4.2 Remove Useable Parts

3.4.3 Shred the Vehicle Frame

3.4.4 Combine Metals

3.4.5 Deliver to Manufacturers

3.5 Future Challenges to the Auto Recycling Industry

3.6 Equipment and Machinery Required

3.6.1 Vehicle Depollution Equipment

3.6.2 Dismantling Equipment

3.6.3 Shearing and Cutting Machinery

3.6.4 Shredding Equipment

3.6.5 Separation Systems

3.6.6 Crushing and Baling Machines

3.6.7 Sorting and Grading Equipment

3.6.8 Waste Treatment and Recycling Systems

3.6.9 Material Handling Equipment

3.6.10 Safety and Environmental Control Systems

3.6.11 Data Management Systems

4. BIO COAL BRIQUETTES FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE

4.1 What is Bio Coal?

4.2 Briquette-Making Raw Material used in Bio-Coal Plants

4.3 Advantages of Briquettes

4.4 Types of Briquettes

4.5 Importance of Bio Coal Briquettes

4.6 Bio-Briquetting Process

4.6.1 Preparation

4.6.2 Size Reduction

4.6.3 Pyrolysis

4.6.4 Binder Addition

4.6.5 Densification

4.6.6 Shaping and Sizing

4.7 Methods of Bio-Briquetting

4.7.1 Pyrolyzed Densification using Binder

4.7.2 Direct Densification with Binders

4.7.3 Binderless Briquetting

4.8 Bio-Briquette Quality Testing

5. CAFFEINE EXTRACTION FROM TEA WASTE

5.1 What is Caffeine?

5.2 Benefits of Caffeine for Health

5.3 Adverse Effects of Caffeine

5.4 Process of Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Waste

5.4.1 Pre Treatment Section

5.4.2 Extraction Section

5.4.3 Post Treatment

5.5 Plant and Machinery used in Extracting Caffeine from Tea Waste

5.5.1 Tea Waste Preparation

5.5.2 Extraction Process

5.5.3 Separation

5.5.4 Purification

5.5.5 Supporting Equipment

5.5.6 Quality Control and Packaging

6. DISPOSABLE TABLEWARE FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE

6.1 What is Bagasse?

6.2 Benefits of Sugarcane Bagasse Biodegradable Tableware

6.3 Utilizing Sugarcane Bagasse for Biodegradable Tableware

6.4 Steps of Manufacturing Sugarcane Bagasse Plates

6.4.1 Bagasse as a Raw Material

6.4.2 Bagasse Processing

6.4.3 Pulp Formation

6.4.4 Plate Molding

6.4.5 Drying and Pressing

6.4.6 Trimming and Finishing

6.4.7 Packaging Bagasse Plates

6.5 Machinery and Systems Required for Disposable Tableware Manufacturing

6.5.1 Pulping System

6.5.2 Tableware Forming Machines

6.5.3 Machine for Trimming Tableware

6.5.4 Tableware Molds

7. E-WASTE RECYCLING

7.1 What is an E-Waste?

7.2 Classification of E-Waste

7.3 Components of E-Waste that can be Recycled

7.4 An E-Waste Recycling Plant: What is it?

7.5 Scenario of E-Waste Production in India

7.6 The Procedure for Recycling E-Waste

7.7 The Recycling Procedure for Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTS)

7.8 Battery Recycling Process

7.9 Why is E-Waste Control Necessary?

7.10 Plant and Machinery Required in E-Waste Recycling Plant

7.10.1 Shredders and Granulators

7.10.2 Overband Magnets

7.10.3 Eddy Current Separators

7.10.4 Optical Sorters

7.10.5 Trommel Screens or Rotary Screens

7.10.6 Electrostatic Separators

7.10.7 Ball Mill

7.10.8 Air Density Separators

7.10.9 PCB (Printed Circuit Board) Recycling Line

7.10.10 Dust Collection System

7.10.11 Water Treatment System

7.10.12 Conveyor Systems

8. LEAD ACID BATTERY RECYCLING

8.1 Aspects Technical

8.2 How Lead Acid Batteries differ from Lithium-Ion Batteries

8.3 Requirements for Lead Acid Battery Recycling Plant

8.4 The Recycling Technology

8.4.1 Battery Breaking

8.4.2 Lead Reduction

8.4.3 Lead Refining

8.5 Pollution Control Measures

8.6 Recycling

8.7 Recycling Process of Lead-Acid Batteries

8.7.1 Collection

8.7.2 Crushing

8.7.3 Sorting

8.7.4 Sieving

8.7.5 Extraction

8.8 Machinery used in Lead Acid Battery Recycling Plant

8.8.1 Battery Cutting Machine

8.8.2 Battery Breaking and Separation System

8.8.3 Acid Neutralization System

8.8.4 Lead Smelting Furnace

8.8.5 Refining Kettle

8.8.6 Lead Ingot Casting Machine

8.8.7 Plastic Washing and Granulating Machine

8.8.8 Dust Collection System

8.8.9 Wastewater Treatment Plant

8.8.10 Safety Equipment

8.8.11 Control and Monitoring Systems

8.9 Plant Layout Description

9. LITHIUM-ION BATTERY RECYCLING

9.1 What is Lithium Ion Battery Recycling Plant?

9.2 Different Types of Batteries

9.3 Methods of Recycling

9.4 Benefits of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Plant

9.5 Equipment for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Facility

9.6 General Recycling Procedures and Pre-Processing

9.6.1 Cell Disruption

9.6.2 Physical Separation

9.6.3 Dissolution

9.6.4 Thermal Treatment

9.7 Recycling Processes

9.8 Li-Ion Batteries Recycling

9.8.1 Electrolyte Recovery

9.8.2 Dry Sorting Methods

9.8.3 Hydrometallurgical Treatment

9.9 Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Future Prospects

10. LUBRICATING OILS RECYCLING

10.1 Methods of Recycling

10.2 Types of Lubricant Additives

10.3 Physical and Chemical Tests of used Lubricating Oil

10.4 Comparison of Fresh Base Engine Oil and Used Oil

10.5 Recycling Process

10.5.1 Used Oil Pick-Up

10.5.2 Analytic Testing to Ensure Quality

10.5.3 Dehydration Removes Unwelcome Water

10.5.4 Light End Recovery

10.5.5 Fuel Stripping

10.5.6 Vacuum Distillation

10.5.7 Hydro Treating Removes Final Impurities

10.6 Process Details

10.6.1 Precipitation and Separation

10.6.2 Distillation

10.6.3 Acid Treatment

10.6.4 Alkali Settling

10.6.5 Alkali Wash

10.6.6 Neutralization Test

10.6.7 Filtration

10.7 Plant and Machinery Required in Lubricating Oils Recycling Plant

10.8 Plant Layout Description

11. ORGANIC FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING FROM COW DUNG

11.1 Benefits

11.2 Cow Dung Composition

11.3 Composting Cow Manure

11.4 Method of Manufacturing Organic Fertilizer using Cow Dung

11.5 Machinery and Equipments Required

11.6 Plant Layout Description

12. PARTICLE BOARD FROM RICE HUSK

12.1 Benefits

12.2 Utilizations

12.3 Production Process

12.3.1 Gathering and Getting Ready for Rice Husk

12.3.2 Pulverizing

12.3.3 Desiccating

12.3.4 Blending with Resin

12.3.5 Mat Forming

12.3.6 Pre-Pressing

12.3.7 Hot Pressing

12.3.8 Chilling and Trimming

12.3.9 Finalizing

12.3.10 Quality Control

12.4 Plant and Machinery used in Particle Board Manufacturing

12.4.1 Rice Husk Preparation Equipment

12.4.2 Particle Formation and Sizing Equipment

12.4.3 Resin Application Equipment

12.4.4 Pressing Equipment

12.4.5 Finishing Equipment

12.4.6 Quality Control Equipment

12.4.7 Handling and Packaging Equipment

12.5 Plant Layout Description

13. RECYCLING OF PET BOTTLES

13.1 What is PET Plastic?

13.2 What is PET Bottle Recycling?

13.3 Why is PET Recycling Important?

13.4 Physical Properties

13.5 Uses and Applications of PET Plastic

13.5.1 Packaging

13.5.2 Textiles

13.5.3 Electronics

13.5.4 Industrial Applications

13.5.5 Construction

13.5.6 3D Printing

13.5.7 Medical

13.5.8 Recycling

13.6 Chemical Recycling

13.6.1 Partial Glycolysis

13.6.2 Total Glycolysis

13.6.3 Methanolysis

13.6.4 Hydrolysis

13.7 PET Bottle Recycling Process

13.7.1 Collecting

13.7.2 Sorting

13.7.3 Decontamination

13.7.4 Shredding, Resizing, and Identifying

13.7.5 Wet Separation

13.7.6 Dry Separation

13.7.7 Compounding

13.7.8 A New Beginning

13.8 What Happens to Bottles we cannot Recycle?

13.9 List of Plant Machinery Required for PET Bottles Recycling Plant with Specifications and Details

13.9.1 Bottle Bale Breaker

13.9.2 Conveyor Belt System

13.9.3 Label Remover Machine

13.9.4 Plastic Crusher / Shredder Machine

13.9.5 Sink-Float Separator Tank

13.9.6 Hot Washing System

13.9.7 Friction Washer

13.9.8 Centrifugal Dryer / Dewatering Machine

13.9.9 Air Classifier / Zigzag Separator

13.9.10 Pelletizing Machine / Extruder

13.9.11 Cooling System (Water Tank and Air Dryer)

13.9.12 Silo Storage System

13.9.13 Packaging Machine

13.9.14 Dust Collection and Filtration System

13.9.15 Control Panel and Automation System

14. WASTE TYRE PYROLYSIS

14.1 The Pyrolysis Process’s Influencing Factors

14.2 Benefits

14.3 Types of Tyre Pyrolysis Plant

14.3.1 Continuous Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant

14.3.2 Batch Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant

14.4 Main Products Obtained

14.5 Advantages and Disadvantages

14.6 Products of Pyrolysis

14.7 Tyre Pyrolysis Process of Waste Tyres

14.8 How does Pyrolysis Work?

14.9 Tyre Pyrolysis Oil

14.10 Properties of Pyrolysis Oil

14.11 Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Purification

14.12 Tyre Pyrolysis Oil Uses

14.13 Tyre Pyrolysis Carbon Black

14.14 Tyre Pyrolysis Carbon Black Properties

14.15 Carbon Powder from Tyre Pyrolysis Uses

14.16 Tyre Pyrolysis Gas

14.17 Tyre Pyrolysis Waste

14.18 What is the Environmental Impact of Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plants?

14.18.1 Incomplete Pyrolysis

14.18.2 No Gas Recycling

14.18.3 High Oxygen Entrance

14.18.4 Tyre Pyrolysis Explosion

14.18.5 Inappropriate Storage and Transport

14.19 Key Components of Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant

15. ALUMINIUM RECYCLING

15.1 History

15.2 Properties of Aluminium

15.3 Procedure for Recycling Aluminum

15.4 Plant Machinery: Specifications and Details

15.4.1 Shredder Machine

15.4.2 Magnetic Separator

15.4.3 Eddy Current Separator

15.4.4 Rotary Furnace

15.4.5 Melting and Holding Furnace

15.4.6 Ingot Casting Machine

15.4.7 Scrap Baler/Compactor

15.4.8 Air Pollution Control System

15.4.9 Reverberatory Furnace

15.4.10 Dross Processing System

15.5 Advantages of Recycling Aluminum

15.6 Drawbacks of Recycling Aluminum

16. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

16.1 Principles of Biomedical Waste Management

16.2 Treatment of Biomedical Waste Management

16.3 What are the Types of Medical Waste?

16.4 Management of Biomedical Waste

16.5 The Best Methods for Managing Medical Waste

16.6 Medical Waste Treatment Methods

16.7 List of Plant Machinery Required

16.7.1 Incinerator

16.7.2 Autoclave

16.7.3 Shredder

16.7.4 Microwave Disinfection System

16.7.5 Chemical Disinfection Unit

16.7.6 Waste Segregation System

16.7.7 Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

16.7.8 Air Pollution Control Device (APCD)

16.7.9 Boiler

16.7.10 Compactor

16.7.11 Waste Collection Vehicles

16.7.12 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

17. BIOMASS CHARCOAL

17.1 What is Biomass Charcoal?

17.2 Benefits of Briquettes made of Biomass Charcoal

17.3 How is Charcoal made from Biomass?

17.4 Production Principle of Charcoal Making Machine

17.5 Characteristics of an Entire Plant for Processing Charcoal

17.6 Equipment used in Biomass Charcoal Making

17.7 How are Charcoal Briquettes made with Sawdust?

17.7.1 Collect Sawdust

17.7.2 Drying

17.7.3 Carbonization

17.7.4 Crush and Sieve the Charcoal

17.7.5 Prepare the Binder

17.7.6 Mix the Charcoal with the Binder

17.7.7 Briquetting

17.7.8 Drying

17.7.9 Storage and Packaging

18. ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCONUT SHELL

18.1 Process of Activation

18.2 Benefits of Activation

18.3 Utilization of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells

18.4 Manufacturing Process

18.5 Tips for Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Manufacturer

18.6 Why do Start Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Plant?

18.7 Machinery used in Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

18.7.1 Coconut Shell Crushing Machine

18.7.2 Carbonization Furnace (Kiln)

18.7.3 Activation Furnace (Rotary Kiln or Fluidized Bed)

18.7.4 Screening Machine (Vibrating Screen)

18.7.5 Cooling System

18.7.6 Grinding Machine

18.7.7 Conveyor System

18.7.8 Chemical Activation Equipment (Optional)

18.7.9 Bagging and Packaging Machine

19. PET FLAKES FROM PET BOTTLES

19.1 What are PET Flakes?

19.2 Uses of PET Flakes

19.3 PET Flakes Grades

19.4 Types of PET Flakes

19.5 Recycling Process of PET Flakes

19.5.1 Manual Sorting

19.5.2 Shredding

19.5.3 Belt Conveyor

19.5.4 Washing Tank

19.6 Difference between PET Flakes and PET Chips

19.7 Advantages

19.8 Disadvantages

19.9 List of Machinery Required

19.9.1 Bale Breaker Machine

19.9.2 Belt Conveyor System

19.9.3 Label Removing Machine (Delabeler)

19.9.4 Trommel Separator / Dust Remover

19.9.5 PET Bottle Crusher / Shredder

19.9.6 Floating Tank (Sink-Float Separator)

19.9.7 Hot Washer System

19.9.8 Friction Washer

19.9.9 Centrifugal Dryer

19.9.10 Air Separator

19.9.11 Zig-Zag Separator

19.9.12 Pelletizing Machine (Optional)

19.9.13 Water Treatment Plant (WTP)

19.9.14 Automatic Bagging Machine

19.9.15 Control Panel and Automation System

20. RICE BRAN OIL EXTRACTION PROCESS

20.1 Manufacturing Process of Rice Bran Oil

20.1.1 Rice Bran Raw Material Preparation

20.1.2 Extraction

20.1.3 Rice Bran Oil Refining

20.1.4 Oil Extraction Process

20.1.5 Mechanical Pressing (Cold Pressing)

20.1.6 Solvent Extraction Process

20.1.7 Storage Rice Bran Oil

20.2 Advantage of Rice Bran Oil Plant

20.3 What are the By-Products of Rice Bran Oil and Its Uses?

20.4 What are the Production Challenges in Rice Bran Oil Production?

20.4.1 Quality of Rice Bran

20.4.2 Extraction Process

20.4.3 Dealing with By-Products

20.4.4 Refining the Oil

20.4.5 Stabilizing the Oil

20.5 List of Plant Machinery Required

20.5.1 Pre-Treatment and Preparation Equipment

20.5.2 Oil Extraction Machinery

20.5.3 Oil Refining Machinery

20.5.4 Other Essential Machinery

20.5.5 Storage and Handling Equipment

20.5.6 Quality Control and Monitoring Equipment

20.5.7 Packaging Equipment

21. PATHOGEN REDUCTIONS DURING WASTE TREATMENT

21.1 Manure Solids Waste

21.2 Dry Techniques: Composting

21.3 Manure Slurry Treatment Techniques

21.4 Physical Treatment Techniques

21.5 Biological Treatment Techniques

21.6 Anaerobic Lagoon Treatment

21.7 Multiple Lagoon Systems

21.8 Aerated Lagoons and Oxidation Ponds

21.9 Anaerobic Digestion

21.10 Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion

21.11 Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion

21.12 Aerobic Digestion

21.13 Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion

21.14 Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion

21.15 Activated Sludge

21.16 Biofiltration

21.17 Constructed Wetlands

21.18 Overland Flow

21.19 Disinfection and Chemical Treatments

21.20 Chlorine

21.21 Ozone

21.22 Chlorine Dioxide

21.23 Ultraviolet Light (UV) Irradiation

21.24 Lime Stabilization

21.25 Pasteurization

21.26 Animal Waste Disposal or Recycling Options

21.26.1 Land Application

21.26.2 Spray Fields

22. GLOSSARY

23. BIS STANDARDS

24. PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW CHART & DIAGRAM

25. PHOTOGRAPHS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY WITH SUPPLIERS CONTACT DETAILS

• Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Plant

• Used Oil Recycling Plant

• Lead Battery Breaking and Separation Machine

• Rotary Drum Dryer

• Organic Waste Composting Machine (Bioreactor)

• Waste Tyre Recycling Machine

• Rubber Tire Crusher Machine

• Tyre Cutter

• Tyre Shredder Machine

• Hydraulic Briquette Press Machine

• Lithium Battery Recycling Plant

• Anode Sheet Recycling Machine

• Waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plant

• PET Bottle Washing Recycling Machine

• Plastic Bottle Granulation Line

• Extraction Machine

• Fermenter

• Compost Turner for Bio Organic Fertilizer Composting

• Biodegradable Sugarcane Bagasse Tableware making Machine

• Screw Extrusion Briquette Machine

• Waste Car Shell Crushing Line

• Lead Battery Recycling Machine

• Biomedical Waste Shredder

• Activated Carbon Rotary Kiln

• PET Bottle Crusher / Granulator