Handbook on Unani Medicines with Formulae, Processes, Uses and Analysis ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( Out Of Stock )
Author NIIR Board of Consultants and Engineers ISBN 8178330423
Code ENI103 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 0   0 US$ 0   0
Pages: 678 Published 2003
Publisher Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually Ships within 5 days

As an alternative form of medicine, Unani has found favour in India. These Unani practitioners can practice as qualified doctors in India, as the government approve their practice. Unani medicine is very close to Ayurveda. Both are based on theory of the presence of the elements (in Unani, they are considered to be fire, water, earth and air) in the human body. According to followers of Unani medicine, these elements are present in different fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to illness. Government have exclusive department of Indian system of medicine inclusive of Unani under Health ministry and several states have department and institutions to ensure the proper regulation and development of Unani medicine in India. Herb gardens, nursery of medicinal plants, experimental and field scale cultivation are the major initiatives taken for the improvement of medicine. Skin disease, liver disorder, sexual disturbances, pulmonary, sinus and communicable diseases are the major effective treatment achieved areas for Unani. Tremendous progress has been registered in the development of modern medicine. Yet, medicinal plants continue to be an important source of drugs throughout the world. Unani medicine is one of them, plant as a source of drugs of much more important for the developing countries. 
This book majorly deals with the, habitat, description, procedure and time of collection, chemical constituents, method of processing, therapeutic uses of medicinal plants. This book also constitutes the list of institutes of Unani medicines, list of college of Unani medicines in India, world importers of natural medicine.
This publication is one of its kinds which clearly indicate the usefulness of Unani medicine, shows how the plant secrets, preserve the natural secrets/ hormones/ juices which ultimately uses in Unani system of medicine. This book is most informative and useful for students, Research scholars and scientist. We hope this book will achieve the long standing demand of herbal chemists.

PART - I
PLANT KINGDOM

1. Aatrilal (Ammi majus)
2. Anjir (Ficus carica)
3. Atis (Aconitum heterophyllum)
4. Azaraqi (Strychnos nux-vomica)
5. Badam shireen (Prunus amygdalus)
6. Baqla (Vicia faba)
7. Bazrulbanj (Hyoscyamus)
8. Chashmizaj (Cassia absus)
9. Chobchini (Smilax china)
10. Dudhi
11. Dudhi khurd (Euphorbia thymifolia)
12. Fifil Siyah (Piper nigrum)
13. Gaozaban (Borago officinalis)
14. Gulnar Farsi (Punica granatum)
15. Habbun Neel (Ipomoea nil)
16. Halela Siyah (Terminalia chebula)
17. Heel Kalan (Amomum subulatum)
18. Heel Khurd (Elettaria cardamomum)
19. Heeng (Ferula foetida)
20. Hina (Lawsonia inermis)
21. Inderjao Shireen (Wrightia tinctoria)
22. Inderjeo Talkh (Holarrhena antidysenterica)
23. Ispand (Peganum harmala)
24. Kaiphal (Myrica esculenta)
25. Karanj (Pongamia pinnata)
26. Karanjwa (Caesalpinia crista)
27. Karnab (Brassica oleracea)
28. Kasni (Cichorium intybus)
29. Khar-e-Khasak (Tribulus terrestris)
30. Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis)
31. Khella (Ammi visnaga)
32. Khulanjan (Alpinia galanga)
33. Khurfa (Portulaca oleracea)
34. Khurfa Khurd (Portulaca quadrifida)
35. Kishneez Khushk (Coriandrum sativum)
36. Konch (Mucuna cochinchinensis)
37. Kulthi (Dolichos biflorus)
38. Madar (Solanum nigrum)
39. Mako (Solanum nigrum)
40. Mawiz (Vitis vinifera)
41. Methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
42. Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus)
43. Nakhud (Cicer arietinum)
44. Narjeel Daryaee (Lodoicea maldivica)
45. Nilofar (Nymphaea alba)
46. Panwad (Cassia tora)
47. Palas (Butea monosperma)
48. Sambhalu (Vitex negundo)
49. Saranjan (Colchicum luteum)
50. Turbud (Operculina turpethum)

PART - II
MINERAL KINGDOM

1. Adamas
2. Alumen
3. Kaolinum
4. Ammonicum chloride
5. Antimony sulphide
6. Argentum
7. Arsenum
8. Arsenic disulphidum
9. Arsenic trisulphidum
10. Asphaitum
11. Aurum
12. Makaradhwaja
13. Calcium
14. Calcil carbonas
15. Caicii hydras
16. Calcii oxidum
17. Calcii sulphas
18. Carbo ligni
19. Cuprum
20. Cupri sulphas
21. Ferrum
22. Ferroso-ferric oxide
23. Ferri sulphas
24. Ferri sulphuratum
25. Hydrargyrum
26. Plumbum
27. Plumbi carbonas
28. Plumbi oxidum
29. Plumbi oxidum rubrum
30. Plumbi sulphuratum
31. Potassii carbonas impura
32. Potassii nitras
33. Silicum
34. Silicate of Alumina
35. Silicate of Alumina & Oxide of iron
36. Silicate of lime
37. Silicate of magnesia
38. Silicate of magnesia and iron
39. Saline substances
40. Sodii carbonas impure
41. Sodii biboras
42. Sodii chloridum impure
43. Sodii chloridum
44. Stannic sulphidum
45. Stannum
46. Sulphur
47. Talcum purification
48. Zincum
49. Zinci carbonas
50. Zinci oxidum

PART - III
ANIMAL KINGDOM

1. Acipenser Huso linn
2. Adeps
3. Ambra grasea
4. Animal flesh
5. Bombyx mori
6. Castoreum
7. Cateria lacca
8. Cera
9. Cervus dama
10. Cervus elephus
11. Cetaceum
12. Chelonia
13. Coccus cacti
14. Corallium rubrum
15. Cypraea moneta
16. Callus domesticus
17. Turbinella rapa
18. Hirudo medicinalis
19. Lactus
20. Mel
21. Moschus moschiferus
22. M. trianthema
23. Mytilus margaritiferus
24. Ossepiae
25. Ostrea edulis
26. Pisces
27. Serpent poison
28. Serum praeparatum
29. Snake venom
30. Spongea officinalis
31. Squalus carcharius
32. Urine
33. Viverra civetta

PART - V
LIST OF INSTITUTES OF UNANI MEDICINES

PART - IV
LIST OF COLLEGE OF UNANI MEDICINES IN INDIA

PART - VI
WORLD IMPORTERS OF NATURAL MEDICINE 

 

ACIPENSER HUSO LINN. OR A. STELLATUS

(Class - Pisces: -Fishes)

Eng.-Sturgeon's air bag or Swimming bladder; Isinglass or Icntryocolla prepared from it. Bam. -Aisinglasa. Arab. - Gerius Samak. Hind. & Duk. -Machhika-Siras. Pers.-Serasham-e-Mahi. Tam. -Minvajaram. Tel.-Cheppu vajaram. Malay. -Palog-pongikan; Ari-ikan.

Japanese or Chinese isinglass is known as Agar Agar.

*Aci-swift. Pinna-wing or fin. Huso-A bladder from Huyzen blas. The swimming bladder is so called as by its expansion and contraction these fishes swim. It contains oxygen and nitrogen.

PARTS USED

The swimming bladder or sound found in front of the abdomen of several species of Sturgeons prepared and cut into fine shreds called Isinglass. American isinglass obtained from Gadus Marluccius (Hakefish) and from Otolithus regalis (weak-fish) occurs in thin sheets or ribbons.

CHARACTERS

It is white, inodorous and very 1ight. It is a kind of gelatin, but it is insoluble in cold water. An aqueous solution of 1 in 32 of boiling water forms on cooling a good, transparent, hard jelly.

CONSTITUENTS

In composition it is similar to albumen; it contains pure gelatin, an insoluble membrane 5 to 30 per cent and ash 0.5 per cent. It is a constituent of animal tissue, chiefly of bones.

ACTION & USES

It is highly nutritious, demulcent and emollient. Mixed with starchy food and with soups it is given in chronic diarrhoea in children and for invalids. As an emollient a plaster of isinglass, made of isinglass 10, alcohol 40, glycerin 1 part and hot water, is applied on one side of the cloth for cuts and abrasions.

Animal gelatin is obtained from gelatinous tissues such as skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilages of bones etc. It is prepared by boiling these tissues in water and drying the resulting jelly in the air; it forms translucent sheets, layers or shreds. It dissolves in hot water and solidifies into a jelly on cooling; it is insoluble in alcohol or ether. It contains carbon 50 p.c., nitrogen 18, hydrogen 7, oxygen 24 and sulphur 0.5 p.c. It is used as Calf's feet jelly, it is a basis for suppositories, pessaries, pills, lozenges etc.

Chondrin is obtained from the cartilages of the ribs and other non-ossifying cartilages and is analogous to gelatin. It is used as emollient, nutritive and protective. The watery solution of its jelly is precipitated by alum acetate of lead, ferric salts, acetic and mineral acids but not by tannin and mercuric chloride.

ANIMAL FLESH

Sanskrit writers divide flesh into two classes, namely Jangla or land, and Anupa or water animals:-Anupa mansa (flesh of Anupa animals) is said to be "sweet, soothing, heavy of digestion, demulcent, fattening, checking appetite, phlegmatic, excitive of wind. (vata) and generative of flesh"-(N.N. Sen Gupta). Animals living on land are sub-divided into eight orders as follows:-Jangla or animals living in the wilderness as deer, antelopes etc. The meat of Jangla animals is broadly speaking sweet and astringent causing slight constipation. It is light, easy of digestion, strengthening and appetizing, checking tridosha and increasing vitality.

Vilastha or animals living in holes underground as scrpents, lizards, porcupines etc.-Meat of such animals checks Vayu, is sweet to taste, heaty, increases pitta, is strengthening, lessens excretion of urine and faeces. Guhasaya or animals living in caverns, as tigers, lions, bears, etc.-Meat of such animals checks Vayul. Is difficult of digestion, strengthening, somewhat good for those suffering from eye and rectal diseases. Parnamriga or animals living on trees, as monkeys, squirrels, etc.-Meat of such animals stimulates vitality, is good for eyes, promotes flow of urine and faeces and is good in certain respiratory diseases and piles. Vishkira or birds which take their food after tearing or scattering it, as fowls, peacocks, quails, partridges, etc.-Meat of such birds is sweet and astringent, cooling, easy of digestion, strengthening, checks tridoshas and is very good. Pratuda or birds which strike with their beaks, as pigeons, wagtails, cuckoos, etc.-Meat of such birds is similar to those of Vishkira. Except that it increases Vayu, but checks Kapha and Pitta. Prasaha or birds of prey, as the hawk, felcon etc.-The meat of such birds is very heaty, deranges pitta, induces acidity and diseases like ulcers and sinuses, general weakness and even insanity. Gramya or domestic animals, as ox, goat, horse, sheep, etc.-The meat of such animals relieves flatulence, produces kapha and pitta, nourishes, is sweet in taste, non-acidifying in reaction, stimulating and enhancing metabolism-(Susruta).

Animals living in water or marshy lands are subdivided into five classes as follows:-Kulechara, or animals grazing in marshes, as buffalo, yak, rhinoceros, etc.-Meat of such animals checks vayu and pitta, is strengthening, vitalising, sweet, cooling and soothing, increases kapha and promotes urinary secretion. Plava, or birds which swim in water, as geese, ducks, cranes, etc.-Meat of such birds checks pitta, is soothing, heavy of digestion but cooling, stimulates secretion of faeces, strengthening and vitalising, increases Vayu and Kapha, Kosastha or animals enclosed in shells, as conch-shells, bivalve-shells, etc.-Meat of such animals is sweet and soothing, cooling, strengthening, vitalising, increases faecal refuse, checks Vayu & Pitta. Padina, or footed aquatic animals as tortoise, crocodile etc. Meat of such animals is similar to that of Kosastha. Matsya, or fishes: -Meat of fish is soothing, but heating after digestion, increases Kapha and Pitta and checks Vayu. It is strengthening, vitalising and palatable and is especially soothing to alcoholics, good for sensuous individuals having strong digestion.

Of these classes, Jangla and Vishkira are considered superior to the others in an alimentary point of view. Flesh of the goat, domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus-flesh is stimulant, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, nutritious and generative of semen; beneficial in disturbance of the three humours, phthisis, vomiting and remittent fever), peacock and partridge is easily digested and suited to the sick and convalescent. The flesh of the francoline (see - Francolinus pondicerianus), partridge (Titir). Flesh of the white variety is astringent, refrigerant, demulcent, easily digestible, constipating, cardiac stimulant; used to improve memory, alleviative of the Tridoshas. Beneficial in cough, phthisis, fever, epistaxis and hiccup. Pigeon's flesh is demulcent, tonic, cardiac, nutritious. Used in constipation, beneficial in phlegm, bile, vitiated blood and wind, leprosy, and is prohibited in jaundice. Flesh of peacock (Nila-mayura) is "excitive of wind, cardiac, tonic, generative of memory, beneficial in the diseases of wind, ear-diseases and eye-diseases. The egg is sweet, cardiac and highly beneficial in loss of semen, heart-diseases and ulcers". Soup made from birds' meat (white meat) or from meat of deer is a diet in chronic cases of enlarged liver and spleen. Meat soup of deer and other wild animals (to replace the tissue waste, e.g., albumen in the discharge) is a diet for fistula in ano, when there is no fever. Meat of the deer, sambar, hare, quail and partridge is recommended for habitual use. Fish, beef and pork are considered hard to digest and unsuited for daily use. "Beef is very heavy and difficult of digestion, is soothing but excites Pitta and Kapha, checks Vayu, is strengthening, good in cough, chronic wasting fevers, disease of the nose, catarrh, phthisis, dyspepsia where there is a morbid craving for food, very suitable food for people of active habits and not suitable in any other season except winter. - (Charaka). From the above it is evident that the ancient Hindus used to take beef when they came from Central Asia.

Flesh of various animals is used in medicine chiefly in the form of ghrita or taila paka. Following is a list of the more important and commonly used ghritas and oils made with the flesh of different animals: - Hansadi ghrita, prepared with the flesh of geese, and used in cephalalgia and nervous diseases.

Kukkutadi ghrita, prepared with the flesh of fowls, and used in chronic cough. Siva ghrita, prepared with jackal's flesh and used in insanity. Chagaladi or Chagaladya ghrita, prepared with goat's meat and used in nervous diseases. Meat soup is contra-indicated after "Pitta" or "Vayu-Pitta" causing diarrhoea. When indicated, the meat recommended is that of game birds like partridge, "Lava", "Gonshi" and wild animals-like deer and rabbit. Meat-juice is advised for diet in "vayu" variety and "kapha" variety of "Arsa" (piles). Meat-soup of jungly animals is a diet in piles. Sambukadi taila is an oil prepared with the flesh of snails and used externally in ear diseases. Nakuladya ghrita is prepared with the flesh of mongoose and used in nervous diseases.

The following are two illustrations of preparations with animal flesh: -Chagaladya ghrita: Take of goat's meat (see Capra-aegagrus, i.e., goat whose flesh is nourishing, cardiac and stimulant) 6¼ seers, the ten drugs called dasamula 6¼ seers in all, water 64 seers, boil till the latter is reduced to one-fourth and strain. Take of clarified butter, milk and the juice of Asparagus racemosus 4 seers each; and the following substances in the form of a paste, namely, Tinospora cordifolia, bamboo manna, Withania somnifera. Hemidesmus indicus, berries called kakoli, bulbs called kshirakakoli, pulse of Phaseolus trilobus, and of Glycine debilis, Caelogyne ovalis (jivanti), and liquorice root, 1 seer in all; boil them together and prepare a ghrita. This preparation is given in facial paralysis, deafness, loss of voice or indistmet speech, convulsions, hysteria, sciatica, paralysis and other diseases of the nervous system. Masha taila:-Take of goat's meat 8 seers, water 64 seers; boil together till the latter is reduced to 16 seers. Take of the pulse of Phaseolus roxburghii, linseed, barley, root of Barleria prionites, and of Solanum jacquinii, Tribulus terrestris, bark of Calosanthes indica, jatamansi root, seeds of Mucuna pruriens, each 1 seer, water 64 seers; boil down to 16 seers. Take of cotton seeds, seeds of Crotolaria juncea, pulse of Dolichos uniflorus, dried pulp of Ziziphus jujuba, each 2 seers, water 64 seers; boil down to 16 seers. Take of ginger, long pepper, dill seeds, root of Ricinus communis, of Boerhaavia diffusa, Poederia foetida, Vanda roxburghii, Sida cordifolia, Tinospora cordifolia, and Picrorrhiza kurroa, equal parts in all 1 seer, and reduce them to a paste. Boil the above-mentioned decoctions and the paste with 4 seers of sesamum oil in the usual way. This oil is rubbed externally in convulsions, paralysis, wasting of limbs and other diseases of the nervous system.- (Bhaishajyaratnavali). Testicles of a sheep or goat are boiled in cow's milk and sugar, prepared as Payasam or Halwa, and given internally increases man's virility. - (Vatsyayana's Kamasastra). A man who eats sesamum seeds prepared again and again in milk and cooked with the testicles of a goat, or the two testicles of a goat prepared with ghee and milk, together with salt and molasses, increases virility in him. -(Ratirahasya).

CERA

(Sans. -Siktha; Madhujan. Eng.-Wax. Arab. -Shama. Pers. Hind. Ben. & Duk. -Mom. Guj. -Mina; Min. Mah. Can. & Kon. -Maena. Tam. -Mellugu. Mal.-Taenmazhacu. Tel.-Mai-nam. Kash. -Sinth. Burm. -H'pa-noung; Phayouii. Malay. -Lilin. Sinh. -Miettie; Itti) exists in the pollen and surface of the leaves of many plants, chiefly the wax myrtle. It is extracted by the honeybee and used in the construction of the honeycomb. Cera flava or yellow beeswax is obtained by squeezing or pressing the comb (when the honey is extracted) and melting it in hot water and allowing to cool. It is purified by repeating this process several times and finally casting the wax into moulds. It is a yellowish solid mass (Cera Flava B.P.) harder than butter, with honey-like odour. It is insoluble in water, soluble in cold alcohol (3 p.c.) and in chloroform (25 p.c.). It contains hydrocarbons 12 to 15 p.c, cerolein, cerinor, cerotic acid which crystallizes from boiling alcohol, myricin or myricyl and melissyl palmitate, ceryl alcohol etc. Myricin is a principal constituent, crystalline, soluble in hot ether, almost insoluble in boiling alcohol. By the action of potash it is converted into palmitic acid and myricil alcohol. Wax is an emollient and demulcent, chiefly used externally as basis, in the preparation of ointments, plasters etc. Smoking opium or beeswax in a hookah is said to give relief in scorpion bites by counteracting the effects of poison ! Equal quantities of Balsamodendron mukul, B. pubescens, wax and sesame oil are melted together and when applied over boils in the form of plaster, are effective. A paste made of wax, soap and root of the castor oil plant, in honey, is used for application to ulcers; this is used in dysentery where ulcers are suspected to be present. An oil made of wax by boiling over a fire, a mixture of yellow wax, common salt and sand and filtering and cooling the filtrate is also useful as a mild protecting sheath, when applied into the rectum in dysentery where ulcers are suspected to exist. It is also applied with benefit to painful rheumatic joints. The oil occurs generally as a liquid, but sometimes as a solid mass of a brownish, dark colour.

 

 

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·         Properties

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·         Uses & Applications

 

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Project at a Glance

Along with financial details as under:

 

  •     Assumptions for Profitability workings

  •    Plant Economics

  •    Production Schedule

  •    Land & Building

            Factory Land & Building

            Site Development Expenses

  •    Plant & Machinery

             Indigenous Machineries

            Other Machineries (Miscellaneous, Laboratory etc.)

  •    Other Fixed Assets

            Furniture & Fixtures

            Pre-operative and Preliminary Expenses

            Technical Knowhow

            Provision of Contingencies

  •   Working Capital Requirement Per Month

             Raw Material

            Packing Material

            Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

           Consumable Store

  •   Overheads Required Per Month And Per Annum

         Utilities & Overheads (Power, Water and Fuel Expenses etc.)

             Royalty and Other Charges

            Selling and Distribution Expenses

  •    Salary and Wages

  •    Turnover Per Annum

  •   Share Capital

            Equity Capital

            Preference Share Capital

 

  •    Annexure 1:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance

  •    Annexure 2::  Profitability and Net Cash Accruals

                Revenue/Income/Realisation

                Expenses/Cost of Products/Services/Items

                Gross Profit

                Financial Charges     

                Total Cost of Sales

                Net Profit After Taxes

                Net Cash Accruals

  •   Annexure 3 :: Assessment of Working Capital requirements

                Current Assets

                Gross Working. Capital

                Current Liabilities

                Net Working Capital

                Working Note for Calculation of Work-in-process

  •    Annexure 4 :: Sources and Disposition of Funds

  •    Annexure 5 :: Projected Balance Sheets

                ROI (Average of Fixed Assets)

                RONW (Average of Share Capital)

                ROI (Average of Total Assets)

  •    Annexure 6 :: Profitability ratios

                D.S.C.R

                Earnings Per Share (EPS)

               

             Debt Equity Ratio

        Annexure 7   :: Break-Even Analysis

                Variable Cost & Expenses

                Semi-Var./Semi-Fixed Exp.

                Profit Volume Ratio (PVR)

                Fixed Expenses / Cost 

                B.E.P

  •   Annexure 8 to 11:: Sensitivity Analysis-Price/Volume

            Resultant N.P.B.T

            Resultant D.S.C.R

   Resultant PV Ratio

   Resultant DER

  Resultant ROI

          Resultant BEP

  •    Annexure 12 :: Shareholding Pattern and Stake Status

        Equity Capital

        Preference Share Capital

  •   Annexure 13 :: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks

        Determined Capacity P.A of Products/Services

        Achievable Efficiency/Yield % of Products/Services/Items 

        Net Usable Load/Capacity of Products/Services/Items   

       Expected Sales/ Revenue/ Income of Products/ Services/ Items   

  •    Annexure 14 :: Product wise domestic Sales Realisation

  •    Annexure 15 :: Total Raw Material Cost

  •    Annexure 16 :: Raw Material Cost per unit

  •    Annexure 17 :: Total Lab & ETP Chemical Cost

  •    Annexure 18  :: Consumables, Store etc.,

  •    Annexure 19  :: Packing Material Cost

  •    Annexure 20  :: Packing Material Cost Per Unit

  •    Annexure 21 :: Employees Expenses

  •    Annexure 22 :: Fuel Expenses

  •    Annexure 23 :: Power/Electricity Expenses

  •    Annexure 24 :: Royalty & Other Charges

  •    Annexure 25 :: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.

  •    Annexure 26 :: Other Mfg. Expenses

  •    Annexure 27 :: Administration Expenses

  •    Annexure 28 :: Selling Expenses

  •    Annexure 29 :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (Total)

  •   Annexure 30   :: Depreciation Charges – as per Books (P & M)

  •   Annexure 31   :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (Total)

  •   Annexure 32   :: Depreciation Charges - As per IT Act WDV (P & M)

  •   Annexure 33   :: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans

  •   Annexure 34   :: Tax on Profits

  •   Annexure 35   ::Projected Pay-Back Period And IRR