Description:
A perfume may be defined as any mixture of pleasantly odorous substances. Originally all the products used in perfumery were of natural origin. The finest modern perfumes are neither wholly synthetic nor yet completely natural. The demand is increasing day by day due to increase in the standard of living. The demand will further increase as there is good export potential as well local consumption. Perfumes occupy an important place in modern life style. Apart from cosmetic and toiletry products perfumes are used in many products to mask odor and improve appeal.
A perfumery compound is not a single material of clearly defined properties, but rather a mixture of individual chemicals, each behaving according to its own unique attributes. Characterizing these chemicals separately, and then combining their effects, allows the behavior of the complete perfume composition in diverse media to be understood. Important properties of fragrance chemicals include volatility, polarity, surface activity and stability. Considering the fact that perfume raw materials are themselves quite often complex mixtures of synthetic or natural (e.g. essential oils) organic compounds, the determination of the composition of an unknown perfume, the so called perfume-formulation process, is not an easy task.
Requirements of Perfumery compounds:
If a compound is to serve as a synthetic perfumery compound it has to comply with three essential requirements and failure of any of these requirements will prevent it being a useful synthetic perfumery compound.
•One requirement is that the compound has, at low concentrations, a pleasant odour and can be blended with other perfumery compounds to give pleasant blended odours.
•Another requirement is that it is stable in compositions in which it can be used commercially, for instance when in soap or shampoo its odour and other properties must not change on storage.
•The third requirement is that the compound must be capable of being synthesized at low cost from readily available starting materials. There is little or no commercial interest in compounds as synthetic perfumery compounds if their synthesis requires expensive and poorly available starting materials or if it requires expensive process steps, since the reason for providing synthetic perfumery compounds is to get away from the expense of natural perfumery compositions.
Most of the thousands or millions of low molecular weight aliphatic compounds have an odour but, despite this, very few of them are useful as synthetic perfumes since very few have the required combination of useful odour characteristics (especially when blended), stability to compositions in which they can be used (e.g. soaps), and low cost.
There is a continuing demand for new synthetic perfumery compounds, especially compounds that are easy to make economically and that have perfumery properties that render them very valuable for use in a wide range of perfumery compositions.
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