Processing of Coke, Coal, Lignin, Lignocellulosic-Plastic Composites from Recycled Materials,.......

Description:

Processing of Coke, Coal, Lignin, Lignocellulosic-Plastic Composites from Recycled Materials, Hemicellulose, Cotton, Wood-Polymer Composites, Rosin and Rosin Derivatives, Wood and Wood Fiber

Coal has been recognized as the most important source of energy for electricity generation in India. About 75% of the coal in the country is consumed in the power sector. In addition, other industries like steel, cement, fertilizers, chemicals, paper and thousands of medium and small-scale industries are also dependent on coal for meeting their process and energy requirements.

Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat bogs. India’s domestic coal industry is primarily government owned and coordinated. The central government plays a key role in India’s coal policy development and also owns the public companies that account for most of India’s coal production.

Coal is a key commodity in ensuring India’s energy security because it is the most abundant non-renewable energy source in India. It has the world’s fifth largest proved recoverable reserves of coal (60.6 billion tonnes) after the United States (237.3 billion tonnes), Russia (157.0 billion tonnes), China (114.5 billion tonnes) and Australia (76.4 billion tonnes).

It has been estimated that there are over 861 billion tonnes of proven coal reserves worldwide which means that there is enough coal to last us around 112 years at current rates of production. In contrast, proven oil and gas reserves are equivalent to around 46 and 54 years at current production levels.

Coal reserves are available in almost every country worldwide, with recoverable reserves in around 70 countries. The biggest reserves are in the USA, Russia, China and India. 

In India, the gap between demand and availability of coal is expected to rise every year. As per the 12th plan, the estimated demand of coal will rise to 980 MT by 2016-17 and 1373 MT by 2021-22 while the supply of domestic coal is expected to be 795 MT by 2016-17 and 1102 MT by 2021-22. Today nearly 60 % of the country’s total installed power capacity of 209276 MW is generated using coal. India rank fourth largest in coal reserves (286 BT) and the third largest coal producing country in the world.

Though the coal demand has risen by around 9% over the last four years, coal production has not been able to keep up with the requirements. Organizations are acquiring mines abroad to augment the capacity and meet the growing demand. Besides, there is also an urgent need to adopt some possible measures like rationalization of coal linkage, dedicated freight corridors to improve the situation, need to develop skill sets of mining professionals, promoting underground mining, and cleaner coal technologies for sustainable development. 

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