Description:
Azadirachta indica (Neem) tree belongs tothe Meliaceae family. It is a multipurpose and an evergreen tree, 12–18 m tall,which can grow in almost all kinds of soil including clay, saline, alkaline,dry, stony, shallow soils and even on solid having high calcareous soil. It isnative to India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma, Malaya, Indonesia, Japan, and thetropical regions of Australia. It thrives well in arid and semi-arid climatewith maximum shade temperature as high as 49°C and the rainfall is as low as250 mm. It can be raised by directly sowing its seed or by transplantingnursery-raised seedlings in monsoon rains. It reaches maximum productivityafter 15 years and has a life span of 150–200 years. Planting is usually doneat a density of 400 plants per hectare. The productivity of Neem oil mainlyvaries from 2 to 4 t/ha/yr and a mature Neem tree produces 30–50 kg fruit. Theseed of the fruit contains 20–30 wt% oil and kernels contain 40–50% of an acridgreen to brown colored oil.
Neem is anomnipotent tree and a sacred gift of nature. Neem tree is mainly cultivated inthe Indian subcontinent. Neem is a member of the mahogany family, Meliaceae.Today it is known by the botanical name Azadirachta indica (A. indica) A. Juss.Neem has been used extensively by humankind to treat various ailments beforethe availability of written records which recorded the beginning of history.Since prehistoric times, neem has been used by humankind.
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