Sulfuric Acid
| Capacity
|
6 MT/Day
|
Plant and Machinery cost
|
141.00
Lakhs
|
| Working Capital
|
271.00
|
Rate of Return (ROR)
|
14.00
%
|
| Break Even Point (BEP)
|
16.00
%
|
TCI
|
480.00
Lakhs
|
| Cost of Project
|
480.00Lakhs
|
Description:
It is a strong acid, is an oily, viscous water white non-volatile liquid. It absorbs water from the atmosphere. The acid has a corrosive action on the skin, even a drop on the skin can cause burn. The acid is used as a solvent, a dehydrating agent, a reagent in chemical reactions or process as catalyst, an absorbent etc. Source of sulphuric acid may be iron pyrites (35%), sulphur (46%), the waste gases of non ferrous metallurgy (15%) and hydrogen sulphide (4%). Sulphuric acid is one of the most important basis chemicals during war place. It is mainly used for the manufacture of fertilisers (ammonium sulphate, super phosphate), other acids (hydro chloric, Nitric, phosphoric & chromic acids) and salts, dichromates, eprom salt, green coppers, aluminium sulphate and alum, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate etc. It is used in oil refining, the pickling of metal, the electrolytic refining of metals like copper, in electrical batteries and in manufacture of textiles, food products, synthetic drugs & dyestuffs and explosives.
|
SULFURIC ACID
| Capacity
|
3,30,000 MT/Annum
|
Plant and Machinery cost
|
1435.00
Lakhs
|
| Working Capital
|
0.00
|
Rate of Return (ROR)
|
47.00
%
|
| Break Even Point (BEP)
|
53.00
%
|
TCI
|
3245.00
Lakhs
|
| Cost of Project
|
3245.00Lakhs
|
Description:
Sulfuric (or sulphuric) acid, H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry. World production in 2001 was 165 million tonnes, with an approximate value of US$8 billion. Principal uses include ore processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater processing, and chemical synthesis.
Many proteins are made of sulfur-containing amino acids (such as cysteine and methionine) which produce sulfuric acid when metabolized by the body.
Pure (undiluted) sulfuric acid is not encountered on Earth, due to sulfuric acid's great affinity for water. Apart from that, sulfuric acid is a constituent of acid rain, which is formed by atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the presence of water - i.e., oxidation of sulfurous acid. Sulfur dioxide is the main byproduct produced when sulfur-containing fuels such as coal or oil are burned.
Sulfuric acid is formed naturally by the oxidation of sulfide minerals, such as iron sulfide. The resulting water can be highly acidic and is called Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). This acidic water is capable of dissolving metals present in sulfide ores, which results in brightly-colored, toxic streams.
Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed, a nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength. The major use (60% of total production worldwide) for sulfuric acid is in the "wet method" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers as well as trisodium phosphate for detergents. In this method, phosphate rock is used, and more than 100 million tonnes are processed annually. This raw material is shown below as fluorapatite, though the exact composition may vary. This is treated with 93% sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphoric acid. The HF is removed as hydrofluoric acid. The overall process can be represented as:
Ca5F(PO4)3 + 5 H2SO4 + 10 H2O → 5 CaSO4•2 H2O + HF + 3 H3PO4.
Sulfuric acid is used in large quantities by the iron and steelmaking industry to remove oxidation, rust and scale from rolled sheet and billets prior to sale to the automobile and white-goods industry. Used acid is often recycled using a Spent Acid Regeneration (SAR) plant. These plants combust spent acid with natural gas, refinery gas, fuel oil or other fuel sources. This combustion process produces gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) which are then used to manufacture "new" sulfuric acid. SAR plants are common additions to metal smelting plants, oil refineries, and other industries where sulfuric acid is consumed in bulk, as operating a SAR plant is much cheaper than the recurring costs of spent acid disposal and new acid purchases.
Ammonium sulfate, an important nitrogen fertilizer, is most commonly produced as a byproduct from coking plants supplying the iron and steel making plants. Reacting the ammonia produced in the thermal decomposition of coal with waste sulfuric acid allows the ammonia to be crystallized out as a salt (often brown because of iron contamination) and sold into the agro-chemicals industry.
Another important use for sulfuric acid is for the manufacture of aluminum sulfate, also known as paper maker's alum. This can react with small amounts of soap on paper pulp fibers to give gelatinous aluminum carboxylates, which help to coagulate the pulp fibers into a hard paper surface. It is also used for making aluminum hydroxide, which is used at water treatment plants to filter out impurities, as well as to improve the taste of the water. Aluminum sulfate is made by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid:
Al2O3 + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2O.
Sulfuric acid is used for a variety of other purposes in the chemical industry. For example, it is the usual acid catalyst for the conversion of cyclohexanoneoxime to caprolactam, used for making nylon. It is used for making hydrochloric acid from salt via the Mannheim process. Much H2SO4 is used in petroleum refining, for example as a catalyst for the reaction of isobutane with isobutylene to give isooctane, a compound that raises the octane rating of gasoline (petrol). Sulfuric acid is also important in the manufacture of dyestuffs solutions and is the "acid" in lead-acid (car) batteries.
Sulfuric acid is also used as a general dehydrating agent in its concentrated form.
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