Vermicompost is the product or process of composting utilizing various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast, similarly known as worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by a species of earthworm. Containing water-soluble nutrients, vermicompost is an excellent, nutrient rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. The process of producing vermicompost is called vermicomposting. In addition to much faster decomposition rates, there are several other reasons that make vermicomposting a preferable method over standard methods. With vermicomposting, there is little to no need of aeration or turning unlike conventional methods. The end product of vermicomposting has greater soluble nutrient levels as well as higher microbial populations when compared to traditional methods. On an industrial scale, vermicomposting has been practiced as an in-situ soil remediation process whereby worms mine heavy metals from the soil or treat hydrocarbon contamination. Additionally, vermicomposting has been effective at treating municipal bio-solids and wastewater as well being capable of processing animal manures and other by-products from paper, distillery, and others. Vermicompost, like conventional compost, provides many benefits to agricultural soil, including increased ability to retain moisture, better nutrient holding capacity, better soil structure, and higher levels of microbial activity. A search of the literature, however, indicates that vermicompost may be superior to conventional aerobic compost in a number of areas. There is very wide scope and good market potential of the product due to growth of organic farming.