Solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice) - Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Profile
Dry ice is the name given to carbon dioxide when it is in a solid state. Carbon dioxide is found in the earths atmosphere; it is a gas that humans exhale and plants use for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide turns from gas to an opaque white solid while under pressure and at low temperatures, turning solid at 9 °F (178.5 °C). Dry ice is manufactured primarily in two forms, either as a block of dry ice which weighs over 50 lb (22.7 kg) or in small pieces that vary in size from the size of a grain of rice to a larger pellet. Dry ice does not melt, instead it sublimates, meaning the solid turns directly into a gas (bypassing the liquid state) as the temperature rises and the solid begins to dissipate. This unusual feature results in a smoking effect, and dry ice appears to be steaming as it sublimates. Dry ice itself is not poisonous, but the surface of the solid is so cold that it should not be touched without gloves. Also, while the gas is stable and inert, it is heavier than air and can concentrate in low areas or enclosed spaces.
Properties
The density of dry ice ranges from 1.4 to 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter. While the physical properties of dry ice and carbon dioxide gas are significantly different, their chemical properties tend to be similar. Dry ice normally exists in that solid physical state at significantly lower temperatures, any chemical reactions that carbon dioxide may normally undergo in the gaseous state can be severely inhibited in the solid state.
Physical Characteristics
Formula CO2
Molecular Weight 44.01
Appearance Colorless, odorless gas; colorless liquid, or white opaque solid (dry ice)
Density Gas 0.1234 lb./ft.3 at 32°F
Melting Point -69.9°F, 75.1 PSIA
Boiling Point -109.3 °F (Sublimes)
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Application
• The most common use of dry ice is to preserve food, using non cyclic refrigeration.
• It is frequently used to package items that need to remain cold or frozen, such as ice cream or biological samples, without the use of mechanical cooling.
• Dry ice can be used to flash freeze food, laboratory biological ample, carbonate beverages, and make ice cream.
• Dry ice can be used to arrest and prevent insect activity in closed containers of grains and grain products, as it displaces oxygen, but does not alter the taste or quality of such foods. For the same reason, it can prevent or retard food oils and fats from becoming rancid.
• It is used in fog machines, at theaters, discothèques, haunted house attractions, and nightclubs for dramatic effects. Unlike most artificial fog machines, in which fog rises like smoke, fog from dry ice hovers above the ground. Dry ice is useful in theater productions that require dense fog effects.
• It is occasionally used to freeze and remove warts. Dry ice has the advantage of having fewer problems with storage, since it can be generated from compressed carbon dioxide gas as needed.
• Dry ice blasting is used for cleaning a rubber mold. Dry ice can be used for loosening asphalt floor tiles or car sound deadening making it easy to dry off as well as freezing water in valve less pipes to enable repair.
• One of the largest mechanical uses of dry ice is blast cleaning.
• In laboratories, slurry of dry ice in an organic solvent is a useful freezing mixture for cold chemical reactions and for condensing solvents in rotary evaporators.
• The process of altering cloud precipitation can be done with the use of dry ice.
• Dry ice has the advantage of being relatively cheap and completely non toxic. Its main drawback is the need to be delivered directly into the super cooled region of clouds being seeded.
Market Scenario
The dry ice industry as a whole has greatly changed during the past few years with reorganizations and mergers. In most scenarios, dry ice represents one of the largest consumable costs for companies such as medical device suppliers, pharmaceutical companies, laboratories, and others that use dry ice in their day to day cold chain operations. Demand for dry ice, which has traditionally been a seasonal item, has recently been shifting to being supplied by short distance transport by consumers cooperative society (co op) and courier services which are not affected by temperature or weather. This is considered to be part of the reason for the reduced rate of growth.
| Plant capacity |
Plant & machinery |
Working capital |
Cost of Project |
T.C.I |
Return |
Break even |
| 1440 MT/Annum |
198 Lakhs |
- |
44600000 |
Cost of project : 446 Lakhs |
43.00 |
52.00 |
