Handbook on Electroplating with Manufacture of Electrochemicals ( ) ( Best Seller ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Author Dr. H. Panda ISBN 9788178331706
Code ENI300 Format Paperback
Price: Rs 1695   1695 US$ 45   45
Pages: 496 Published 2017
Publisher Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.
Usually Ships within 5 days

Electroplating is an electro deposition process for producing a dense, uniform, and adherent coating, usually of metal or alloys, upon a surface by the act of electric current. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.

Electrochemical deposition is generally used for the growth of metals and conducting metal oxides because of the following advantages: (i) the thickness and morphology of the nanostructure can be precisely controlled by adjusting the electrochemical parameters, (ii) relatively uniform and compact deposits can be synthesized in template-based structures, (iii) higher deposition rates are obtained, and (iv) the equipment is inexpensive due to the non-requirements of either a high vacuum or a high reaction temperature.  An electrochemical process where metal ions are transferred from a solution and are deposited as a thin layer onto surface of a cathode.

In the recent years, developments in electronic and chemical engineering have extended the process of electroplating to a wide range of materials such as platinum, Alloy, Silver, Palladium, Rhodium, etc. The electroplating market is an application driven market, which depends largely on the net output of the manufacturing industry.

The electroplating technology allows electro-deposition of multiple layers as thin as one-millionth of a centimeter which makes it an indispensable part of the semiconductor industry. Rising demand for computing devices is expected to create significant market opportunities for electroplating service providers. Growing net output of manufacturing industry, rising demand for consumer goods which mandates more surface finishing services, growth of the electronics industry are some of the key factors driving the growth of the global electroplating market.

The book gives comprehensive coverage of Electroplating Uses, Application Manufacturing, Formulation and Photographs of Plant & Machinery with Supplier’s Contact Details.  The major contents of the book are Metal Surface Treatments, Electrolytic Machinery Methods, Electroless Plating, Electroplating Plant, Electroplating of Aluminium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Gold, Iron, Lead, Nickel, Bright Nickel, Silver, Alloy, Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, Bright Zinc, Tin and Plastics Barrel, Zinc Electroplating Brightener, Colouring of Metals, Metal Treatments, Electrode position of Precious Metals and Stainless Steel, Case Hardening, Electroless Coating of Gold, Silver, Manufacture of phosphorus.

 

It is a very useful book that covers all important topics of Electroplating. It will be also a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those who are interested in this field can find the complete of Electroplating. It will be very helpful to consultants, new entrepreneurs, technocrats, research scholars, libraries and existing units.

   1.   Electrochemical Processing                                                                 

         INTRODUCTION                                                                                          

         THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL                                                               

         INORGANIC                                                                                                 

         Hardware for Electrochemical Processing                                              

         Production Conditions                                                                      

         Electrolysis of Chloride Solutions                                                            

         Organic                                                                                                        

         Hardware for Electro-Organic Processing                            

         Cells                                                                                                             

         Electrodes                                                                                                    

         Electrolytes                                                                                                  

         Diaphragms                                                                                                 

         Cell Designs                                                                                                

         Scale-Up-Consideration                                                                             

  2.   Metal Surface Treatments                                                                     

         CLEANING, PICKLING, AND RELATED PROCESSES                              

         Cleaning                                                                                                      

         Solvent Cleaning                                                                                        

         Wiping                                                                                                         

         Emulsifiable Solvents                                                                                

         Emulsion Cleaning                                                                                     

         Diphasic Chlorinated Solvents                                                                 

         Vapour Degreasing                                                                                     

         Ultrasonic                                                                                                    

         Alkaline                                                                                                       

         Immersion                                                                                                   

         Spray                                                                                                            

         Ultrasonic Alkaline                                                                                    

         Steam                                                                                                           

         Electrocleaning                                                                                           

         Pickling                                                                                                       

         (a) Chemical for Pickling                                                                             

         Sulphuric Acid:                                                                                           

         Hydrochloric Acid:                                                                                      

         Nitric Acid:                                                                                                  

         Phosphoric Acid:                                                                                         

         Chromic Acid:                                                                                              

         Hydrofluoric Acid:                                                                                      

         Other Pickling Acid:                                                                                   

         The practice of Electrolytic Pickling:                                                       

         Chemical and Electrolytic Pickling Compared                     

         Anodic Cathodic Pickling Compared:                                                      

         Tin and Lead Additions:                                                                            

         Regeneration of Pickling Solutions                                                         

         Pickling Before Electroplating                                                                 

  3.   Electrolytic machinery methods                                                         

         PRINCIPLES OF THE ECM PROCESS                                                       

         The Solution Gap                                                                                        

         Electrolytes                                                                                                  

         Temperature Effects                                                                                  

         Corrosion products                                                                                     

         Pressure Effects                                                                                          

         TYPES OF ECM OPERATIONS                                                                   

         MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECM PROCESS                                

         Electrolyte Development                                                                           

         Fundamental Investigation                                                                      

         Innovations in ECM Operation                                                                 

         Static Fixture Finishing and Sizing                                                         

         Embossing                                                                                                   

         Broaching                                                                                                    

         Uses                                                                                                              

  4.   Electroless Plating                                                                                  

         THEORY                                                                                                       

         Equipment                                                                                                

         Plating Tanks                                                                                              

         Rack Design and Loading Factors                                                            

         Safety and Waste Disposal                                                                        

         Plating on Metals                                                                                       

         Preparation of the Substrate                                                                    

         Plating on Nonconductors                                                                         

         Plating of Plastics                                                                                       

         Process Details                                                                                            

         Printed Circuits                                                                                          

         Printed-Circuit Etchants                                                                           

         Emerging Printed-Circuit Technologies                                                 

         Plating on Glass                                                                                          

         Architectural Glass                                                                                     

         Ceramic Plating                                                                                          

         Composite Plating                                                                                      

         ELECTROLESS COMPOSITE COATINGS                                                   

         USES AND APPLICATIONS:                                                                        

         Nonelectrolytic Plating Processes                                                            

         Immersion Plating                                                                                     

         Autocatalytic Plating                                                                                  

         Postplating Treatments                                                                   

         Specification and Tests                                                                      

         Thickness                                                                                                    

         Corrosion Resistance                                                                                 

         Adhesion                                                                                                      

         Applications                                                                                            

         Decorative Plating                                                                                      

         Plating for Protection                                                                                

         Special Surface Effects                                                                               

         Engineering Applications                                                                         

         Electroforming                                                                                            

  5.   Electroplating                                                                                           

         THE SUBSTRATE IN ELECTROPLATING                                                 

         Preparation of the Substrate                                                       

         Cleaning                                                                                                      

         Rinsing                                                                                                        

         Acid Dipping                                                                                               

         Drag-Out and Drag-In                                                                                

         Special Preparation Cycles                                                                        

         Aluminium and Magnesium                                                                     

         Zinc-Base Die Castings                                                                              

         Refractory Metals                                                                                       

         Other Metals                                                                                               

         Nonconductors                                                                                            

         The Electroplating Process                                                                       

         Continuous Plating                                                                                    

         Materials of Construction                                                                          

         Economics                                                                                                    

         Safety                                                                                                            

         Waste Disposal and Metal Recovery                                                        

         Plating Solutions                                                                                

         Current Density Range                                                                              

         Throwing Power                                                                                          

         Acidity                                                                                                          

         Anodes                                                                                                         

         Temperature                                                                                               

         Purity                                                                                                           

         Bright Plating                                                                                             

         Maintenance of Plating Baths                                                                   

         Individual Plating Baths                                                                  

  6.   Electroplating plant                                                                                

         Plant Requirements                                                                            

         Buildings                                                                                                     

         Supporting the Work to be Plated                                                           

         Tanks                                                                                                           

         Filtration                                                                                                     

         Air Agitation                                                                                                

         Water Supply                                                                                              

         Heaters                                                                                                        

         Maintenance of the Solution                                                                     

         Effluent                                                                                                        

         Electroplating Plant                                                                        

   7.   Electroplating of aluminium                                                                

         Surface Roughening                                                                                   

         Anodising                                                                                                    

         Zincating                                                                                                     

         Note :                                                                                                            

         Alstan Process                                                                                             

         Plating Process                                                                                           

         Silver-Tin Plating                                                                                       

         Alstan Process                                                                                             

  8.   Electroplating of cadmium                                                                   

         The Solution                                                                                                

         Additions to the Solution                                                                          

         Anodes                                                                                                         

         Thickness of Deposit                                                                                  

         Operating Conditions                                                                                

         Anti-Corrosion Properties of Cadmium                                                   

         Nickel on Cadmium                                                                                   

         Heat Treatment of Cadmium Deposits                                                    

         Cadmium and Food Stuffs                                                                         

         Bright Cadmium Plating                                                                           

         Applications of the Cadmium-Plating                                                     

  9.   Electroplating of chromium                                                                 

         The Electrolyte                                                                                            

         Chromium Plating Process                                                                        

         Regeneration of Chrome Plating Solutions                                            

         Coloured Chromium Plating                                                                     

         Chromium Plating on Aluminium                                                           

10.   Electroplating of cobalt                                                                         

         Principles                                                                                                    

         Functions of Constituents of Bath                                                            

         Operating Conditions                                                                                

         Maintenance and Controls                                                                        

         Preparation of Basis Metals and Finishing of Deposits      

         Tests of Deposits                                                                                         

11.   Electroplating of copper                                                                        

         Copper Sulphate Plating Bath                                                       

         Operating Condition                                                                                  

         Bright Plating                                                                                       

         Cyanide Bath                                                                                           

         Composition                                                                                                

         Sodium Formulation                                                                           

         Operating Condition                                                                                  

         Potassium Formulations                                                                   

12.    Electroplating of gold                                                                            

         Stripping Gold                                                                                       

         Gold Baths                                                                                               

         Bath for Gold Gilding                                                                                

         Current-Density, 0.15 Ampere                                                                  

         Gold Baths For Hot Gilding                                                            

         Tanks for Gold Baths                                                                                 

         Execution of Gold-Plating                                                                         

         For Gold-Plating in The Cold Bath the Process

         is as Follows :                                                                                        

         Re-Gilding                                                                                                   

         Application of Gold-Deposition                                                                

         Gold Thread                                                                                           

         Process                                                                                                         

         Gold Plating of Stainless Steel Ornament                              

         Methods of Plating Stainless Steel                                                           

         Plating Procedures                                                                                     

13.   Electroplating of iron                                                                             

         Principles                                                                                                    

         The Iron Chloride Bath                                                                     

         The Iron Sulphate Bath                                                                     

         The Fluoborate Bath                                                                          

14.   Electroplating of lead                                                                            

         Analysis of Lead Solution                                                                

         Free Acid                                                                                                     

         Applications of Lead Plating                                                          

15.   Electroplating of nickel                                                                         

         Types of Ni Solutions                                                                          

         Engineering Application                                                                           

         Ni And Ur Plating Butterworths                                                  

         Electroplating Baths used                                                                         

         Watts Nickel Bath                                                                                       

         Hard Watts Bath                                                                                         

         Nickel Sulphate Bath                                                                                 

         Nickel Sulphonate Bath                                                                             

         Nickel Fluoborate Bath                                                                             

         Barrel Nickel Plating                                                                                 

         Black Nickel :                                                                                              

         Black Ni Plating Processes                                                                        

         Types of Nickel Plating Solutions Used                                     

16.   Electroplating of bright nickel                                                            

         Carriers                                                                                                    

         Nickel Electroplating Brighteners                                           

17.   Electroplating of silver                                                                          

         Silver (Atomic weight=107.88) and Its Properties :                               

         Silver Bath for a Heavy Deposit of Silver (Silvering by Weight):         

         Preparation of Bath I, With Silver Chloride                          

         Preparation of Bath II with Silver Cyanide                             

         Silver Bath for Ordinary Electroplating                               

         Tanks for Silver Baths                                                                               

         Execution of Silver-Plating                                                           

         Silver Plating by Weight                                                                           

         Bright Silver Plating                                                                         

         Source of Brightening in Carbon Disulphide Electrolytes                    

18.   Electroplating of alloy                                                                            

         Electrodeposition of Zinc-Iron Alloy                                                        

         Lead-Tin Plating                                                                                        

         Speculum Plating                                                                                       

         Gold Alloy Plating                                                                                      

         Bright Alloy Plating                                                                                    

         Ni-Alloy Plating                                                                                          

         Bronze Plating                                                                                            

         Copper Solution                                                                                          

19.   Electroplating of platinum                                                                    

         (1) Keital and Zschiegner Process                                                 

         (2) Powell and Scott Process                                                          

         Conditions of Operation                                                                   

         Maintenance of Electrolyte                                                          

20.   Electroplating of palladium                                                                  

         (A) Soluble Anode Process                                                                

         Condition of Operation                                                                              

         Properties of the Deposit                                                                          

         (B) Diaphragm Process                                                                        

         Condition of Operation                                                                              

21.   Electroplating of rhodium                                                                    

         Predeposition                                                                                        

         Palladium Plating                                                                                      

         Solution Agitation                                                                              

         Raw material used for Palladium Plating                                              

         Equipment                                                                                                   

         Rhodium Plating                                                                                   

         Tank                                                                                                             

         Tank Installation                                                                                        

         Solution Heating                                                                                        

         Rectifier                                                                                                       

         Rectifier Control                                                                                         

         Current Control                                                                                          

         Temperature Control                                                                                 

         Making of Rhodium Plating Bath                                                            

         Rhodium                                                                                                    

         Method A—Colorimetric                                                                            

         Discussion of the Method                                                                          

         Method B                                                                                                     

         Discussion of the Method                                                                          

         Method C—Hydrazine Reduction                                                             

         Discussion of the Method                                                                          

         Sulphate                                                                                                      

         Applications of the Precious Metals                                          

22.   Electroplating of bright zinc                                                                

         Bright Zinc-plating Processes                                                       

         Chemical Control                                                                                        

         Electrolytic Impurities                                                                               

         Anodes                                                                                                         

         Advantages of Bright Zinc Plating                                              

23.   Electroplating of tin                                                                               

         INTRODUCTION                                                                                          

24.   Electroplating of plastics                                                                      

         The Plating of Plastics and Non-metallic Materials          

         1.   Polishing with Plumbago                                                                       

         2.  Metallising with Copper Bronze Powder                                              

         3.   Metallisation by Molten Metal Spraying                                              

         4.   Metal Surfacing of Ceramics by “Firing”                                              

         5.   Vacuum Evaporation and Electrical Sputtering                                   

         6.   Silver Mirror Process as Applied to Plastics                                         

         Removal of Glaze                                                                                        

         Cleaning                                                                                                      

         “Sensitising”—The next step is to                                                            

         Silvering                                                                                                      

         Coppering                                                                                                    

         Silver Recovery                                                                                           

25.   Electroplating of barrel                                                                         

         Barrel Nickel-Plating                                                                       

         Barrel Coppering                                                                                        

         Brass Barrelling                                                                                          

         Barrel Cadmium                                                                                         

         Barrel Zinc                                                                                                  

         Barrel Silver                                                                                                

         Electro-Galvanising Tray                                                                           

         Barrel Polishing                                                                                         

         Barrel Tin                                                                                                    

         Applications                                                                                            

26.   Zinc electroplating brightener                                                            

         Uses and Applications                                                                         

         Properties of the Brightener                                                       

         Formulations                                                                                         

         Operating Conditions                                                                         

         Temperature                                                                                               

         Current Efficiencies                                                                                   

         Throwing Power                                                                                          

         Conductivity and polarization                                                                  

         Manufacturing Process                                                                    

         Formulation                                                                                           

27.   Colouring of metals                                                                                 

         1.  Direct Coloration of Iron and Steel by Cupric Selenite :                       

         2.  Coloration of Copper and Brass with Cupric Selenite :                         

         Metal Browning by Oxidation                                                        

         Copper Colouring                                                                                

         (a) Blacking Copper                                                                                   

         (b) Red Colour to Copper                                                                          

         Coloring of Brass                                                                                

         Brass Colouring                                                                                          

         Coloring Brass                                                                                             

         Bronzing                                                                                                   

         Art Bronzes :                                                                                                

         Antique Bronzes                                                                                          

         Vert Antique                                                                                                

         Brass Bronzing                                                                                            

         Copper Bronzing                                                                                         

         Bronzing of Cast Iron                                                                        

         Liquid for Bronze Powder                                                                         

         Bronzing of Cannon                                                                                    

         Green Bronzing                                                                                           

         Bronzing of Steel                                                                                

         Tin Bronzing                                                                                           

         Zinc Bronzing                                                                                         

28.   Metal treatments                                                                                    

         Mechanical Treatments                                                                    

         Workability Testing                                                                                   

         Plastic Deformation                                                                                   

         Hot Working                                                                                               

         Cold working                                                                                               

         Primary Forming Processes                                                                      

         Secondary Forming Processes                                                                   

         Thermal Treatments                                                                          

         Annealing                                                                                                    

         Heat Treatment of Steel                                                                            

         Homogenization                                                                                         

         Thermo mechanical Processing                                                                

         Recent Development and Outlook                                               

         Powder Metallurgy of Superalloys                                                           

29.   Electrodeposition of precious metals                                                

         Physical Properties                                                                                    

30.   Electropolishing of stainless steel                                                     

         Application                                                                                                  

         Baths                                                                                                          

         Experimental                                                                                         

         Bath Composition                                                                                       

         Hull Cell Studies                                                                                        

         Rates of Dissolution                                                                                   

         Effect of Polishing Time                                                                            

         Life of the Bath                                                                                           

         Practice of Electropolishing                                                        

         (i)   Sequence of Operations                                                                         

         (iii) Electropolishing                                                                                     

         (iv) Treatments After Electropolishing                                                       

         (v)  Equipment for Electropolishing                                                            

         (vi) Technical and Economic Aspects                                                          

         Applications of Electropolishing                                               

         1.    Decorative Finishing                                                                             

         2.   Polishing of Parts Exposed to Friction                                                 

         3.   Electropolishing Cutting Tools                                                              

         Drills and Taps                                                                                           

         Wood Working Tools                                                                                 

         Solutions Employed                                                                                   

         4.   Polishing of Measuring Instruments                                                    

31.   Case hardening                                                                                       

         Processes                                                                                                 

         Carburizing                                                                                                 

         Gas                                                                                                                

         Liquid                                                                                                          

         Pack                                                                                                              

         Carbonitriding                                                                                            

         Gas                                                                                                                

         Cyaniding                                                                                                    

         Nitriding                                                                                                      

         Gas                                                                                                                

         Liquid                                                                                                          

         Microcasing                                                                                                 

         Ionitriding                                                                                                   

         Siliconizing                                                                                                 

         Boronizing                                                                                                   

         Tufftriding                                                                                                  

         Triniding                                                                                                     

         Applied Energy                                                                                           

         Induction Hardening                                                                                 

         Flame Hardening                                                                                       

         Other                                                                                                            

         Hardening                                                                                                   

32.   Electroless coating of gold, silver                                                     

         Methods for Mirroring                                                                               

         Electroless Process                                                                           

         Equipment                                                                                                   

         Silver Colouring for Mirror (Silver Coating)                       

         Formulation-1                                                                                             

         Preparation                                                                                                 

         Formulation-2                                                                                             

         Preparation                                                                                                 

         Process of Manufacture                                                                   

         1. Selection of glass sheet                                                                             

         2. Cleaning of glass sheet                                                                            

         3. Sensitizing                                                                                                

         4. Silvering on glass                                                                                     

         Plating Procedure                                                                              

         Silvering of Glass                                                                                

         Chemical Silvering                                                                                     

         To prepare the bath                                                                                   

         Cleaning                                                                                                      

         Gold Colouring for Mirror (Gold Coating)                            

         Formulations for Electroless Gold Bath                               

         Manufacturing Process for Gold Plating                               

         Blue Silvering on Glass with Copper Coating                         

         Formulation of Blue Silvering on Mirror                               

         Manufacturing Process                                                                    

         Copper Coating                                                                                      

         Plating Bath Formulation                                                               

         Bath Constituents                                                                                       

         The Operation of Electroless Copper Baths                           

         Red Mirror by Electroless Dipping Method                                            

         Electroless Copper Plating of Plain Glass to Manufacture Red Mirror              

         Manufacture Process of Red Mirror                                          

         Test for Electroless Plated Red Mirror Adhesion             

         Baking Test                                                                                                 

         Burnishing Test                                                                                          

         Test for Continuity                                                                             

         Ferroxy Test                                                                                                

         Marking                                                                                                    

33.   Buffing and industrial metal polishing compounds                     

         1. Tripoli                                                                                                       

         2. Vienna Lime                                                                                             

         3. Aluminium Oxide (Sophire)                                                                     

         4. Rouge                                                                                                        

         5. Amorphous Crystalline Silica                                                                  

         6. Emery                                                                                                       

         Buffing & Polishing Compositions                                                           

         Manufacturing Method of Buffing Compounds                     

         Carborundum for Polishing                                                           

34.   Tin and its compounds                                                                          

         Discovery                                                                                                     

         Mineralogy                                                                                                  

         Extraction                                                                                                    

         Metallurgy                                                                                                   

         Refining of Crude Tin                                                                                

         Properties of Tin                                                                                        

         General Account of Tin and its Compounds                                           

35.   Lead and its compounds